CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



THE TCHUKTCHI. 



The Land of the Tchuktchi.— Their independent Spirit and commercial Entei-prise.— Perpetual Migra- 

 tions. — The Fair of Ostrownoje. — Visit in a Tchuktcli Polog. — Races. — Tchuktch Bavaderes. 



The Tennygk, or Reindeer Tchuktchi. —The Onkilon, or Sedentary Tchuktchi. — Their Mode of 

 Life Page 262 



CHAPTER XXV. 



BERING SEA — THE EUSSXAX FUR COMPANY — THE ALEUTS. 



Bering Sea. — Unalaska. — The Pribilow Islands. — St. Matthew.— St. Laurence.— Bering's Straits.— The 

 Russian Fur Company.— The Aleuts. — Their Character. — Their Skill and Intrepidity in hunting the 

 Sea-otter. — The Sea-bear. — Whale-chasing. — Walrus-slaughter. — The Sea-lion 268 



CHAPTER XXVL 



ALASKA. 



Purchase of Alaska by the United States.— The Russian American Telegraph Scheme. — Whymper's 

 Trip up the Yukon. ^Dogs. — The Start. — E.^tempore Water-filter. — Snow-shoes. — The Frozen Yu- 

 kon. — Under-ground Houses. — Life at Nulato. — Cold Weather. — Auroras. — Approach of Summer. 

 — Breaking-up of the Ice. — Fort Yukon. — Furs. — Descent of the Yukon. — Value of Goods. — Arctic 

 and Tropical Life. — Moose-hunting.— Deer-corrals. — Lip Ornaments.— Canoes.— Four-post CofRn. 

 — The Kenaian Indians. — The Aleuts. — Value of Alaska 277 



CHAPTER XXVn. 



THE ESQUIMAUX. 



Their wide Extension. — Climate of the Regions they inhabit.— Their physical Appearance. — Their 

 Dress.— Snow Huts.— The Kayak, or the Baidar —Hunting Apparatus and Weapons.- Enmity be- 

 tween the Esquimaux and the Red Indian. — The "Bloody Falls." — Chase of the Reindeer. — Bird- 

 catching.— Whale-hunting. — Various Stratagems emploj'ed to catch the Seal. —The " Keep-kuttuk." 

 — Bear-hunting. — AValrus-hunting. — Awaklok'and Myouk. — The Esquimaux Dog.— Games and 

 Sports. — Angekoks. — Moral Character. — Self-reliance. — Intelligence. — Iligliuk. — Commercial Ea- 

 gerness of the Esquimaux. — Their Voracity. — Seasons of Distress. .' 290 



CHAPTER XXVIIL 



THE FUR-TRADE OF THE HUDSON'S BAY TERRITORIES. 



The Coureur des Bois. — Tlie Voyageur. — The Birch-bark Canoe.— The Canadian Fur-trade in the last 

 Century. — The Hudson's Bay Company. — Bloody Feuds between the North-west Company of Can- 

 ada and the Hudson's Bay Company. — Their Amalgamation into a new Company in 1821. — Recon- 

 struction of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1863. — Forts or Houses. — The Attihawmeg. — Influence 

 of the Company on its savage Dependents. — The Black Bear, or Baribal. — The Brown Bear. — The 

 Grizzly Bear. — The Raccoon. — The American Glutton. — The Pine Marten. — The Pekan, or 

 Wood-shock.— The Chinga. — The Mink. — The Canadian Fish-otter. — The Crossed Fox.— The 

 Black or Silvery Fox. — The Canadian Lynx, or Pishu. — The Ice-hare. — The Beaver. — The 

 Musquash 304 



CHAPTER XXIX. 



THE CREE INDIANS, OR EYTHINYUWUK. 



The various Tribes of the Crees.— Their Conquests and subsequent Defeat.— Their Wars with the Black- 

 feet.— TheirCharacter.— Tattooing.— Their Dress.— Fondness for their Children.— The Cree Cradle.— 

 Vapor Baths.— Games.— Their religious Ideas.- The Cree Tartarus and Elysium 319 



CHAPTER XXX. 



THE TINNT3 INDIANS. 



The various Tribes of the Tinne Indians. — The Dog- ribs. — Clothing. — The Hare Indians.— Degraded 

 State of the Women. — Practical Socialists. — Character. — Cruelty to the Aged and Infirm 327 



