INDEX. 



743 



Grinnell Land, vegetation of, 20. 



, Dr. Hayes's discoveries in, 372-374. 



Guanaco. the, of Patagonia. 419. 



Guano, circumstances wliicli favor tlie diposit of, 



418. 

 Guillemot, on the Pribilow Islands, 271. 

 (julf Stream, influence of, on the south and west 



coasts of Iceland, 79 ; and on the climate of 



Norway, 1'21. 

 Gull, Ross's, distance north at which it has been 



seen, 67. 

 Gull, ivory, in Taimurland, 227. 

 GustavMS I., King of Sweden, his kind treatment 



of the Lapps, 156. 

 Gustavus Adolphus, his foundation of a school for 



the Lapps, 156. 



H. 



Haddocks, abundance of, on the coast of Iceland, 

 87. 



Hakon, King of Norway, his annexation of Iceland, 

 95. 



Hall, Charles Francis, his Arctic expedition, 433- 

 467. 



, James, his voyage to Greenland, 383. 



Hammerfest, description of the town of, 129. 



, traffic of, 129. 



, the people of, 129. 



• , cargoes of walruses and seals brought from 



Spitzbergen, 143. 



Hare, the fur of the, of Siberia, 212. 



, ice (Lepus glaciaiis), 317. 



— — found in Taimurland/ 227. 



Hare Indians, hunting-gi'ounds of the, 327. 



, their women, 328. 



Harold Haafager, or the Fair-haired, his establish- 

 ment of an absolute monarchy in Norway, 90. 



, exodus caused by his tyranny, 91. 



Harp-seal of the Polar seas, 62. 



Hatherton, Cape, discovery of, 365. 



Haven, Lieut, de, his search for Franklin, 357, 358. 



Hawks in the Tundra, in summer, 19. 



Haves, Dr., his sledge journey over Kennedy Chan- 

 nel, 368. 



■ -, his Arctic voyage in 1860, 372-374. 



, his opinion as to what may be done in the 



Arctic regions, 374. 



Hecla, eruptions of, since the colonization of Ice- 

 land, 95-97. 



" Hecla" and "Fury" Straits, discovery of, 348. 



Heemskerk, his voyages of discovery, 340. 



Heineson, Mogens,'the "sea-cock," his voyage to- 

 wards Greenland, 383. 



Hepburn, John, the sailor, his overland journey, 

 346. 



Herald Ishind, discovery of, 360. 



Heimaey, or Home Island, description of, 116. 



Herring, the fishery of the coast of Norway, 125. 



, food for the rorqual, or fin-whales, 61. 



, abundance of the, on the coasts of Iceland, 



87. 



Hesperis, the, on the Mary :Minturn river, 20. 



Hildringen, agriculture of, 124. 



Hobson, Lieut., his search for Franklin, 362, 364. 



Holme, the, of Norway, 124. 



Hood, Robert, his Arctic journey, 346. 



, murdered, 347. 



Horn, Cape, discovery of the passage round, 414. 



Horse, the, in Iceland, 80. 



■ of the Jakuts, 230-232. 



Hrafnagja, 75. 



Hudson, Henry, visit of, to Spitzbergen, 138. 



-. his the first attempt to sail across the North 



Pole, 342. 



, his subsequent voyage* and discoveries, 'M'l. 



, his melancholy cud, 343. 



Hudson's Bay, barren lands of, 22. 



, characters of the ( 'onifeni? of, 24. 



, walruses of tlie coasts of, <il. 



, discovery of, 312. 



Hudson's Bav Companv, account of the fur-trade 



of the, 304' 

 , the old coureur des hois and the modern voy- 



ageur of, 3()4, 305. 



, history oi"the, 307. 



, formation of a rival comjianv, and sultscquent 



amalgamation of the two, 307-310. 



, i)almy days of tlie, 310. 



, its reconstruction in 1863, 310. 



, its trading-posts, and their management, 310, 



311. 



, its efforts to civilize the native tribes. 312. 



, the standard of exchange, the beaver-skin, 



313. 



, extent of the fur-trade of, 313. 



, account of the fur-bearing animals of tlie 



Territory, 313, 314. 

 Hudson river, discovery of the, 342. 

 Hudson's Straits, Sebastian Cabot's discovery' of, 



335. 

 Humboldt Glacier, the Great, 50. 



-, Kane's description of the, :!G7. 



Humming-bird on the peninsula of Aliaska, 269. 



in Newfoundland, 378. 



of Patagonia, 420. 



Huts of the Esquimaux, 293. 



of the Icelanders, 102. 



Ilvali), island of, 129. 

 Hvita river, in Iceland, 78. 



IcK, vast fields of. in the plateaus of Spitzbergen, 



Greenland, and Nova Zcmbla, 27. 



, floating masses of, in the Polar seas, 45. 



. enormous extent of the Polar glaciers, 49, 50. 



, causes which prevent the accumulation of 



Polar ice, 55, 56. 



, a bad conductor of heat, 57. 



, ice-fields of Iceland. 69. 



, glaciers, ice-clifls, and avalanches of Spitz- 

 bergen, 135, 136. 

 , impediments offered by the hummocks to 



travellers on the Polar sea, 210. 



, icebergs of the Antarctic sea, 392. 



, ice-caves of Greenland, 390. 



, the great ice-barriir of the Antarctic Ocean. 



403. 



, pack-ice of the AnUirctic Ocean, 404, 405. 



Icebergs, 4G. 



, forms and size of, 48. 



, origin of, 48. 



, lociilities in which most of the irclHTg.-* of the 



North Atlantic arc formed, 49. 

 , Dr. Ilaves's description of, in a midnight sun, 



50. 



, how distinguished nt night and in fogs, 52. 



, dangers of collisions with, 52. 



— — , protection to ships afforded by, 53. 

 , dangers of anchoring to, 53. 



