INDEX. 



74r, 



Ivan Wasiljewitsch I., subdues the Great Novgo- 

 rod, I'Jl. 



, becomes head of tlie Greek orthodox Church 



and the first Czar, 192. 



, Chancellor's visit to him at Moscow, 336. 



Ivan Wasiljewitsch II., his conquest of Kasan, 192. 



, his surname of the Terrible, 192. 



Ivory, fossil, in the islands of New Siberia, 202. 



Iwalo river, in Lapland, Castren'd journey on the, 

 169. 



J. 



Jakowlew family, 219. 



, their enormous wealth in gold mines, 219. 



Jakuts, the, confirmed bj- the Czar in their posses- 

 sions, 199. 



, their snares and traps, 213. 



, their energy and cunning, 228. 



, their language, origin, character, and person- 

 al appearance, 228. 



, their summer and winter huts, 229. 



, their horsey, 230. 



, their powers of endurance and sharpness of 



vision, 230. 



, their manufactures and articles of dress, 231. 



, their gluttony, 231. 



, the universal carriers to the east of the Lena, 



231. 



, their superstitions, 232. 



, their offerings of horsehair to the spirit of the 



mountains, 232. 



, their songs, 232. 



, wretched condition of the river, 252. 



Jakutsk, mean temperature of, in summer and win- 

 ter, 27. 



, extreme cold of, 208. 



, gloomy appearance of the town, 233. 



: , trade of, 233. 



Jan Mej'en, description of. 146. 



Jelly, made from the horns and claws of the rein- 

 deer, 37. 



Jellj'-fish (Pleiirobrac/iia pileus) in the sea of Kara, 

 151. 



Jenissei river, Castren's journey to the, 176. 



Jeniseisk, Castren's visit to, 177. 



• , the ostrog of, founded, 195. 



Jyrfalcon (Falco gyrfalco), its head-quarters in Ice- 

 land, 85. 



, former trade in the, 85. 



Jilibeambaertje, or Num, the Supreme Being of the 

 Samoiedfes, 179. 



"John, Gentleman," the English pirate, 118. 



John'.s, St., capital of Newfoundland, 378. 



Jdkuls, or ice-mountains of Iceland, 68. 



Jokulsa i Axarfirdi river, in Iceland, 78. 



Jukulsa river, in Iceland, 78. 



Jones's Sound, discovery of the entrance to, 343. 



Jukahires, chief resource of those of the Aniuj, 

 237. 



, Jelissei Busa's residence among the, 195. 



K. 



Kadiak, island of, discovery of the, 202. 

 Kaiak, island of, landing of Stella on the, 249. 

 "Kalewala," Castren's Swedish translation of the, 



170. 

 Kamchatka, subjugation of, by the Kussians, 198. 

 , crueltv of the conquerors, 198, 



Kamchatka, Steller'.s scientific journey to, 248. 



, it.'* climate and fertility, 2.'j4. 



, abundance of fish in the rivers, 255. 



, bird-catchers of, 255. 



, population, 255. 



, mountain chain and volcanoes, 256. 



, climate and mineral springs, 250, 



, harbors and population, 2."i(i. 



, healthiness of the people, 257. 



, their food, 258. 



, their animals, 258, 260, 



, character of the j)eople, 200, 201, 



Kane, Dr., his Arctic voyages, 365. 



, his account of his "first winter in Kenssclacr 



Bay, 365. 



, his description of the Polar night. 300. 



, his sledge journev along the coast of Green- 

 land, 367. 



, his illness on the voj-age and recovery, 308. 



. resolves to winter a second time in Rensselaer 



Bay, 369. 

 . departure and return of part of his crew, 309, 



370. 



, sufferings of his paftj', 371. 



, abandonment of his ship, and boat journey to 



Upernavik, 371. 



, his return to New York, and death, 372. 



Kara Gate, reached by Stephen Burrough, 336. 

 Kara, Sea of, 147. 



, expeditions to the, 147. 



Kassm, Russian conquest of, 192. 



Kellett, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359. 



Kendall, Lieut., his vo\age to the Copi)crmine 



river, 349. 



, his account of Deception Island, .S93. 



Kennedy, William, his search for Franklin, 358. 



., his sledge journey with Bellot, 359. 



Kenned}' Channel, Dr. Hayes's sledge journey 



across, 368. 



, his voyage across, 373. 



Kerguelen Land, climate of, 39.3. 



Khipsack, destruction of the empire of the Khans 



of, 191. 

 King, Captain, his survev of the Magellan Strait, 



415. 

 King William's Island, coast of, traced by Mr. 



Thomas Simpson, 356. 

 Klofa jdkul, extent of the, 69. 

 Knight, John, his melancholy Arctic voyage, 3^11. 



, nmrdercd by the Esquimaux, 342. 



Koldewev, Captain, his journey tow ards the North 



Pole, 374. 

 Kohva, Castren's visit to, 174. 

 Kolyma river, inundations of the, 237. 

 Kolymsk, Nishnei, foundation of the town of, 197. 



, AVrangell's visit to, 234. 



, situation and climate of, 234. 



, vegetable and animal life, 235. 



, population of the district, 2.36. 



, dwellings of the Russian rcsMents, 236, 



, mode of life of the natives, 230, 237. 



, their dogs, 230, 237. 



, berry-gathering in the district, 238. 



, famine of the people, 238. 



, social parties at, 23H. 



Koriaks, the, conlirmcd by the Czar in their jws- 



sessions, 199. 

 Koronnoie Filippowskoi, Von MiddendorflTs journey 



to, 221. 

 Kostin Schar, visit of Von Baer to, 152, 

 , storm in, 152. 



