INDEX. 



Magero, island of, 129. 



Magicians of the Samoiedes, 180, 181. 



Malewiuskv, Lieutenant, liis gold mine of Olginsk 



218. 

 Matlstrom, the, 126. 

 Mummoth, fossil remains of the, iu New Siberia, 



202. 

 Man, his difficulty in establishing a footing in the 



Arctic regions, 17. 

 , how he is able to stand the rigors of an Arc- 

 tic winter, 28. 

 Maps of the Esquimaux, ."02. 

 Mariiiisk, station of, built by the Itussians, 196. 



, gold mine of, 217. 



Marshes of Newfoundland, 377. 

 Marten, pine {Mnrtes abi<-iui),)^ the, 316. 



, value of the fur of the, 316. 



Mary Minturn river, flowers of, 20. 



Matiuschkin, his sledge journey over the Polar Sea, 



241. 

 Miitoschkin Schar, visits to, 147-152. 

 Matthew, St., island of, inhospitable character of 



the, 271. 

 Matthew's Straits, visited by Eosmysslow, Pach- 



tussow, and Herr von Baer, 147-152. 

 McClintock, Lieut, (now Sir Leopold), his search 



for Franklin, 360. 

 ■, his voyage in the " Fox," and discovery of 



the fate of Franklin and his companions, 362-364. 

 McClure, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359-361. 



, his discovery of the north-west passage, 360. 



Mecham, Lieut., his search for Franklin, 360. 

 Mediterranean, dried codfish sent to the, 129. 

 Medusa;, enormous numbers of, in the Polar world, 



59. 



, in the seas offSpitzbergen, 133. 



Melville Bay, enormous glaciers of, 41), 50. 



Melville Island, discovery of, 345. 



Mentschikoff, Prince, his exile and death in Siberia, 



205. 

 , his son restored to the honors of his house, 



20.O. 

 Mercy Bay, discovery of, 301. 

 Mercy, harbor of, 412. 

 Middendorff. Von, his adventures in Taimurland, 



220. 



, his visit to the Chatanga river, 221. 



■ , his journej' down the Taimur river to tiie 



Polar Sea, 221-223. 



, his return journey and illness, 223-225. 



■ , gratitude of the Samoiedes, 224. 



, his observations on the climate and natural 



productions of Taimurland, 225. 

 Midnight, silence of, in Spitzbergen, 135. 

 Milk of the reindeer, 36. 

 IMinerals of Iceland, 88. 

 Mink {Vison Americamts), value of the fur of the, 



316. 

 Miser}', Mount, 145. 

 ISIollusca, small, of the Polar Seas, 59. 

 Moonlight nights in the Arctic regions, 32, 33. 

 Morse. »S'ee Walrus. 

 Morton, one of Dr. Kane's crew, his illness, 368. 



, his discovery of Washington Land, 369. 



Mosquitoes of Nishne-Kolymsk, 235. 

 Mosses, dingy, of the " barren grounds," 18. 



■ of Nova Zembla, 153. 



of the Pribilow Islands, 270, 271. 



Mourawieff, Count Nicholas, his annexation of the 



Amoor, 196. 

 Mouse, field, of Spitzbergen, 137. 



Mnclianior, the fungus, used as food by ili<- Kam- 



chatkans, 25.S. 

 Mud-springs, boiling, of Iceland, 70. 

 Munich, Marslial, liis exile to Siberia. 205. 



, his return and sul>si-(iuent life, 206. 



Munk, Jens, his voyages, 343. 



Muidcliolm, castle of, 124. 



Murderers, treatnunt of, in Russia, 200. 



Muscovy Company, its endeavors to discover a 



nortli-east passage lo India, 336. 

 Musk-ox {Ocibos mosc/tatus), description of the, 40. 



, its former and present habitat, 40, 41. 



Musquash, musk-rat, or omUura {I'ib'r zibethkus), 



317. 



, villages, 318. 



, modes of catching the animal, 318. 



, value of the fur of the. .118. 



iMussels on the coast of (ireeuland, 59. 

 ]Mvvatn, ducks of the, 84. 



N. 



N.VDDODR, the Norwegian pirate, his discovery of 



Iceland, 89. 

 Naniar, or boiling mud-springs of Iceland, 70. 

 Narborough, Sir John, his chart of the Strait of 



Magellan, 414. 

 Narwhal, or sea-unicorn, domain of the, 60. 



, its tu.'^k, 61. 



, Greenland fishery of the, 387. 



Narym, Castren's visit to, 175. 

 Necromancy of the Samoiedes, 180. 

 Nertschinsk, treaty of, 190. 



, criminals at the mines of, 206. 



Ness, Castren's visit to the Samo.edc village of, 172. 

 Newfoundland, discovered and colonized by Green- 

 landers, 335. 



, its desolate appearance. 376. 



, its forests, marshes, and barrens, 376, 377. 



-, its lakes and ponds, 377, 378. 



, its fur-bearing animals, 378. 



, its reindeer and wolves, 378. 



, its climate and inhabitants, M78. 



, its capital, St. John's, .■'>78, 379. 



■ — — , history of the island, 379. 



, taken possession of by the English, .379. 



, right of the French and Americans to fi.sh 



on the banks of, 379. 



, tlie French town of Placentin, 379. 



, the whole island ceded to England, 379. 



, importance of the cod-lishcries, 379. 



, the great banks of, 380. 



, account of the mode of fishing, 380. 



, fogs and storms, 3(^0, 3*il. 



, seal-catching, 381. 



Newspapers of Iceland, 110. 



Night of a Polar winter, Kane's description of, ,160. 



Nicolayevsk, station of, built by the Kussinns, 196. 



Noil)a," gold-diggings on the, 210. 



Norfolk Bay, i)osition and fur-trade of, 272. 



North-eastern route to India and China, Sebastian 



Cabot's idea of, 335. 



, attempts to discover it, .335-,'?.'17. 



North Pole, the first attempt to .-sail across the, 342. 



, the plan first suggested l)y Thorne, 342. 



^ Scoresby's near approach to the, 314 



, Parry's boat and sUdge journey towards the, 



350. 

 , Dr. Hayes's o[(inion as to the practicability 



of reaching the, across Kennedy ( liann. 1. 374. 



