INDEX. 



7r,i 



Sea-otter, value of the skin and former numbers of 

 the, 201, 202. 



Sedger river, ronianiic scenery of (lie, 110. 



Semple, Governor, murder of, SOS. 



Sertularians on the coasts of Greenland, 59. 



StTvice-trees in the Arctic regions, 21. 



Shark, basking, on ihe northern coasts of Iceland, 

 87. 



, its uses to the islanders, 87. 



, oil manufactured from its liver, 87. 



, the northern {Scymnus mici'ocejihalus), ahnnd- 



ance of, off Spitzbergen, 137. 



, fishery of, on the coast of Greenland, 387. 



Sheep, wild {Oris mmUma'), of the Rocky Mount- 

 ains, description of the, 41. 



, the, of Icdand, and their enemies, 80. 



, mode of sheep-shearing, 80. 



Shetland Islands, New, account of the, 392, 393. 



Shrimps off Spitzbergen, 133. . 



Siberia, extent of the treeless zone of, 22. 



, character of the conifenc of, 23, 24. 



, the elk of, 39. 



, the roebuck and red deer of, 40. 



, the argali, or wild sheep of, 41. 



, the white dolphin in the rivers of, 61. 



, conquest of, by the Cossacks, for the Rus- 

 sians, 193, 194. 



— — , final conquest of, by the Russians, and foun- 

 dation of Tobolsk, 195 et seq. 



, condition of the natives of, under the dominion 



of Russia, 197, 198. 



• , scientific expeditions sent to, 200 et scq. 



, its past ages, 203. 



, its extent and capal)ilities, 204. 



, the exiles sent there, 204-206. 



, their condition there, 206. 



, condition of the West Siberian peasants, 207, 



208. 



, resources of the country, 208. 



■ •, extremes of heat and cold, 208. 



, fur-bearing animals, 209 et seq. 



, the gold-fields of Eastern, and the miners, 214- 



216. 



, value of the produce of fome of the mine--, 



217, 218. 



, entire value of the produce of gold in 1856 



and 1860, 218. 



-, luxury and extravagance caused by the 



wealth}' gold speculators, 218, 219. 



, the gold of the Ural. 219. 



, New, lemmings of, 27. 



, discovery of the islands of, 201, 202. 



• , fossil ivorv of. 202. 



Sibir, the capital of the Tartars in Siberia. 192. 



, taken by Yermak, the robber, for the Czar, 



194. 



Simpson, jNIr. Thomas, his Arctic land voyage, 355. 



■ , his discoveries, 356. 



, assassinated, 356. 



Sirowatskv, his discovery of the Archipelago of 

 New Siberia, 203. 



Skalholt, tlie ancient capital of Iceland, accotmt of, 

 98. 



■ — — , its present condition, 99. 



, its meadow lands and scenery, 99. 



Skaptar jiikul, 69 



; the great eruption of, in 1783, 95. 



Skates of Lapps, 161. 



Skeidaia, Mr. Holland's journev across the. 111, 112. 



Skjalfandafijot river in Iceland, 78. 



Skogslnppar, or I'orest Lnpps, account of th-, 166. 



Sledges of the Lapps, 161. 



, tiie sacred sledge, Ilaliengau, of tlie Saiiioi- 



cdes, 180. 



Smith's Sound, temperature of, 27. 



, icebergs formed in, 48. 



, discovery of tlie entrance fo. 313, 36.0. 



" Smoke, valley of," in I(;ehuul, 70. 



Snorri Sturleson, the Herodotus of the North, ac- 

 count of him and his " lleimskringln," 01, 1)5. 



Snow-buntings of the "barren grounds," IK. 



Snow, its protection of the vegetation of tlie Arctic 

 regions, 19. 



, warnitli caused by, 19. 



- — — , no land j'ct found covered to tlie water's cdgo 

 with eternal snow, 27. 



, amount oftiie fall of, in Taimurland, 225, 226. 



, probable diminution of tiie fujl of, advancing 



towards the pole, 226. 



, its protection against cold, 226. 



Socialism among the Dog-rib Indians. .">29. 



Solfataras of Iceland and Sicily compared, 88. 



Solovetskoi, convent of. 180. 



Sorcery of the Laplanders, 158. 



, of the Sanioiedes, 180. 



Spain, salted cod-fish imported into, 129. 



Spasj', produce of the gold mine of, 21«. 



Spirits, invisible, of tlie Samoledes, 180, 181. 



Spitzbergen, flowers of, 20. 



, vast fields of ice in the plateau of, 27. 



, food of the reindeer of, 27. 



— — . proofs of a former milder climate in, 29, 30. 



, birds of, 43, 44. 



, apparent nearness of objects at, in char 



weather, 54. 



, the walrus of the coast of, 64. 



, description of the archipelago of, 131, 132. 



-, the west coast, 132. 



, Scoresby's ascent of a mountain, and excur- 

 sion along the coast, 132, 133. 



, Magdaleiia bay, 133-136. 



, jce-clills and avalanches of ice, 1.35. 



, scientific exploring expeditiuns sent to, 1.36. 



, flora and fauna of, 136, 137. 



, fisheries of, 139. 



, coal and drift-wood of, 137, 138. 



, history of, 138. 



, attempts made to cdoni/.e it, 139-141. 



, Russian hunters' mode of winU-ring at, 142. 



, walrus and .seal-fishing at, 142. 



, discovery of, 340. 



Spout, the, of Newfoundland, 376. 



S|)rings, hot, of Iceland, 70. 



, the Geysir, 71. 



, the Strokkr, 72. 



Spruce fir of the Hud.son's I5ay teiTitory, 24. 



Squirrel, value ol the fur of the, 212. 



Stadolski Island, visit of Pachtussou to. 14S. 



Staduchin, Count Michael, liis foundation of the 

 town of Nishnei-Kolymsk, 19fi, 197. 



navigates the sea eastward of Cape Sch< Lir- 



skoi, 197. 



Stawinen river, 148. 



Steller, G. W., notice of him. 248. 



, his scientific journey t«> Kamcliatkn, 248. 



, ill-treated by lloring. 250. 



, his sufferings on Bering's Island, 2.51. 



J death of his comniandor, H-riiig, 252. 



, his return to Kamchatka, 252. 



, perse, uted liy the Siberian ntilhoritics, 253. 



, iiis death. 253. 



Stockfish of Iceland, 87. 



