20 The Primitive Inhabitants 



Messrs. Lartet and Christy, great names in these in- 

 vestigations, described, in 1861, the cave of Lombrines, 

 in the Pyrenees, where human bones were found im- 

 bedded under stalagmite, which were pronounced cotem- 

 porary with the mammoth. But Mr. Garrigou read a 

 paper before the Societe d'Anthropologie, in Paris, on the 

 15th of December, 1864, in which he stated that, upon 

 a subsequent examination of this cave and others in 

 the Pyrenees, by careful scrutiny of the way in which 

 the bones had been washed in through crevices by a 

 stream still running, he became convinced that there 

 was no proof that they were introduced at this early 

 period, but that they should be regarded as cotem- 

 porary with the lake dwellings. He added that Lartet, 

 Christy, d'Archiac, Milne Edwards, and others, con- 

 curred in this conclusion, and applied it to other caves 

 in the Pyrenees. 



But there are cases which can not be so summarily 

 disposed of. Of the animals which lived in the post- 

 pliocene period, some are extinct, though the greater 

 number still survive. To fix man as belonging to that 

 period, it is necessary to show that he was cotemporary 

 with the animals now extinct. This might be done by 

 showing his remains in such juxtaposition with the ex- 

 tinct species as to exclude any hypothesis but the one 

 that they lived together; or else to show human re- 

 mains naturally inclosed in a deposit which was made 

 at that period. The post-pliocene period was marked 

 by a cold climate m Western Europe. Among the ani- 

 mals now extinct, which flourished then, are the cave bear, 

 cave lion, cave hyena, gigantic Irish elk, the hairy ele- 

 phant or mammoth, the woolly rhinoceros, the urus or 



