22 The Primitive Inhabitants 



represent a reindeer with his head thrown back, his ant- 

 lers lying along his shoulders, his fore legs drawn 

 under his belly, and hind legs extended along the mid- 

 dle of the blade. The spirit of the design, and the 

 skill with which the natural form of the horn is adapted 

 to it, make it a veritable work of art. All who have 

 seen these objects unite in saying that they obviously 

 were carved from the bones of recently killed animals, 

 not from fossils dug up. In the cave of Eyzies was 

 found embedded in breccia, part of the vertebra of a 

 young reindeer, still perforated with a flint arrow-head, 

 which, unquestionably, penetrated there when the bone 

 was soft. Man was, therefore, cotemporary with the 

 reindeer in Southern France. 



Similar evidence connects him with the mammoth. 

 A tusk has been found engraved with the head of two 

 oxen. A piece of ivory has also been exhumed bearing 

 a spirited and unmistakable sketch of a mammoth. 

 The animal having been found entire, frozen in Siberia, • 

 his appearance is now known, — not merely from infer- 

 ence from the skeleton, but from actual view. And 

 here is found a portrait taken from life by a man who 

 hunted the mammoth when he ranged the valleys of 

 Southern France. A wood-cut of this can be seen in 

 the February number of the "Salem Natural History 



Magazine." 



The cave of Aurignac, in Upper Garonne, near the 

 Pyrenees, brings man in contact with the cave bear and 

 hyena, as well as the mammoth rhinoceros and reindeer. 

 A peasant working on the highway, near Aurignac, in 

 1865, noticed that rabbits took refuge in a hoie in the 

 hill-side. Putting his hand into the hole one day, he 



