EXPRESSION OF MIND. lo 



properties and functions of the brain are necessary 

 for speech. It follows then, that speech is an expres- 

 sion of two phenomena in the subject respiration 

 and brain action. 



Speech is an expression of respiration and brain 

 action, because it results therefrom, or is an outcome 

 of respiration plus brain action ; so this illustrates 

 the truth that, if a certain physical sign is always 

 the result, or outcome, of some one property or 

 function, that physical sign is an expression of 

 that property or function. It is often convenient 

 to study at the same time a certain property in 

 the abstract, and its outward or physical signs. 

 When we study " mind " as a property of man, we 

 must define its physical signs, or the criteria by 

 which we appreciate the function " mind." If we 

 compare a healthy and intelligent man with an 

 idiot not possessed of the properties called " mind," 

 or possessing them only in a very low degree, we 

 shall soon see a marked difference in the physical 

 signs. The intelligent man speaks well, his atten- 

 tion is attracted by objects of beauty or usefulness. 

 The idiot does not speak intelligibly, his attention 

 is not attracted by objects of beauty, his movements 

 are not subservient to his own wants. A man of 

 mind affords expression by the manner in which 

 his attention is attracted, by his good speech, and 

 by his movements ; these objective facts are, then, 

 the expression of his mind. Any property that 

 can be possessed by a subject may be indicated by 

 some physical sign, which is then called the 

 expression of that property in that particular 



