14 PHYSICAL EXPRESSION. 



subject. Temperature is an expression of heat in 

 the subject ; growth in the seed is an expression of 

 life in its organism. 



We have briefly touched upon some forms of 

 expression of the brain, which is an organ of the 

 body, the special forms of expression considered 

 being the outcome of its properties and functions. 

 We will now discuss the expression of one or two 

 other organs. We form a judgment of the con- 

 dition and functions of the heart by the state of 

 the pulse, the sounds heard over the heart on 

 auscultation with the stethoscope, and by feeling 

 the impulse of the heart, etc. ; to form a more 

 accurate judgment we may take a tracing on paper 

 of the movements of the pulse by an instrument 

 termed a sphygniograph, and we obtain a line on 

 paper, indicating the movements of the heart, by 

 means of another instrument called the cardiograph. 

 The sounds and the characters of the impulse 

 of the heart, and the tracings of the movements 

 of the heart and pulse, are expressions of the 

 action of the hidden organ they are the outcome 

 of its action, and the criteria by which we judge 

 of its functions. 



We have hitherto spoken of modes of expression 

 where certain signs indicate properties, either 

 because they are found uniformly to coexist with 

 those properties, or else because they are the direct 

 outcome of such properties. We now come to 

 consider how expression may be a result of some 

 force afferent to the subject, falling upon it, but not 

 solely and directly the outcome of its intrinsic 



