CHAPTER III. 



EXPRESSION IN MAN AND IN ANIMALS. 



The fact of expression does not prove vitality In living things 

 expression is the outcome of nutrition Nutrition not con- 

 sidered here, only its expression Expression when the outcome 

 of processes in the subject is called direct Growth results 

 from local nutrition; such processes are termed trophic 

 Nutrition is an expression of life Permanent impression- 

 ability; it is opposed to evolution, it may be expressed by 

 reflex action Retentiveness need not be permanent. De- 

 velopment and reflex action as modes of expression Apparatus 

 for reflex movement ; reflexes may be congenital, or acquired 

 Reflected action, as expression by form or colour Any outcome 

 of function may be expressive Expression by colour, sound, 

 change of function in a part Movements of an actor in anger 

 Trophic action illustrated by the growth of crystals, growth 

 of the body Coincident development of parts ; coincident 

 defects in imbeciles Properties demonstrated by external 

 forces Heredity Expression of the emotions Summary. 



IN the last chapter the principles and modes of 

 expression were described and discussed, and it 

 seemed well to illustrate all points by examples 

 taken from living and non-living subjects. The 

 mere fact of expression in a subject is no evidence 

 of vital characters, no proof that it is a living 

 rather than a non-living thing. In the present 



