50 PHYSICAL EXPRESSION. 



movements can be shown to be a mode of expression 

 in accordance with the meaning of that term given 

 in chap. ii. 



It is said that a manner of movement is expres- 

 sive. If a movement is expressive, or if, in other 

 words, there is expression in movement, we ought 

 to be able to show what is the condition hidden 

 in the organism corresponding to the visible move- 

 ment. If it can be shown what produces the 

 movement, it is shown what is directly expressed 

 by that movement. It is shown in chap, vi., 

 which deals mainly with questions of physiology, 

 that movements may result from stimulation of 

 the central nerve-mechanism, and it is shown in- 

 ferentially, that movements correspond to the action 

 of the central nerve-mechanism. It is the fact 

 that the movements we observe are, we believe, 

 produced by the action of the central nerve-me- 

 chanism that makes us look upon movements in 

 the body as expressive of the inward condition. 

 Movements are the direct expression of the action 

 of the nerve-mechanism. The terms " manner of 

 movement " and " kind of movement " are analyzed 

 and explained in chap. v. 



That expression may be produced by movements, 

 and that it is most commonly so produced, can be 

 demonstrated by examples. 



Anger is commonly spoken of as an emotion or 

 passion of the mind. Bain* says, "The physical 

 manifestations of anger, over and above the embodi- 

 ment of the antecedent pain, are (1) general excite- 



* "Mental and Moral Science," 1872, p. 261. 



