152 PHYSICAL EXPRESSION. 



rotate from it.* To speak of the coincidence of two 

 or more postures is to speak of a member in the 

 series of postures. We speak of coincidences of pos- 

 ture just as we speak of coincidences of movement. 



The study of hemiplegia and hemispasm, in 

 comparison with examples of coincident postures, 

 and movements which are highly expressive, sug- 

 gested to me to look for facts concerning coincident 

 postures such as are recorded above. 



In art, movement is expressed by the postures 

 of the subject. The outstretched hand expresses 

 energy in movement, for the limb could not so 

 remain unless force were expended. Emotion is 

 often expressed by posture. The head is hung in 

 shame, extended in adoration, rotated with flexion 

 and inclination in nervousness. 



Darwin, in his work on " Expression/' has shown 

 that probably the snarl of the dog is expressive of 

 similar emotion to the sneer of a man, and he 

 produces many examples of analogy between ex- 

 pression by postures in animals and in man. 



Lastly, plants, in their parts which move, have 

 expressive postures. The Mimosa leaf expresses 

 recent excitation ; the infolded tentacles of the leaf 

 of Drosera expresses that an insect or piece of 

 nitrogenous food has been caught by it. 



Nummary. To summarize what has been said in 

 this chapter; postures are the results of movements, 

 and for that reason they have the same physio- 

 logical significance as movements ; that is, postures 



* Compare this with what was said about head movements in 

 hemiplegia (see chap. vii.). 



