200 PHYSICAL EXPRESSION. 



between the eyebrows. In the facial expression of 

 pain originating in the body or limbs, we see the 

 signs mainly in the lower zone ; the angles of the 

 mouth are drawn down. In the more animal-like 

 causes of pain of mind as the loss of a child, wound- 

 ing the maternal instinct it is the angles of the 

 mouth that are depressed. Some years after the loss 

 of the child a reference to it causes corrugation. The 

 memory of the child has become idealized; the suffer- 

 ing is now more mental, less animal-like. A man 

 of, say, forty years of age may present the permanent 

 marks of anxiety impressed upon the skin of his 

 forehead ; this sign of anxiety observed may be due 

 neither to an early original make of body, nor to 

 the present action of nerve-centres, but what we 

 observe is the permanent impression left by the 

 frequent repetition of the same nerve- muscular signs. 



If we see the expression of mental anxiety 

 in the upper facial zone, and bodily suffering ex- 

 pressed in the lower zone, what do these facts teacli 

 us ? These nerve-muscular signs are the direct out- 

 come of brain action ; so are the coincident mental 

 anxiety and pain of bodily suffering. We conclude, 

 then, that the brain centres which cause mental 

 anxiety, and its expression in the upper facial zone, 

 are different from the centres concerned in physical 

 suffering and its expression in the lower zone. 

 Both these forms of expression are symmetrical, or 

 alike on both sides. 



I know of only two forms of facial expression 

 that are not s}^mmetrical snarling and winking; 

 and certainly these asymmetrical expressions are 



