LOWER ZONE OF THE FACE. 203 



pointment. Another factor in producing a long face 

 as a temporary condition, is the falling of the lower 

 jaw. 



Several modes of facial expression affect specially 

 the lower zone. This is the region of the face that 

 is the most weakened by brain disease.* A slight 

 amount of brain damage in one hemisphere will 

 usually produce, for a time at least, a certain amount 

 of weakness on the opposite side of the face, in its 

 inferior part. This facial weakness is easily demon- 

 strated by making the patient show his teeth, or 

 smile. The face when in action is asymmetrical, and 

 the muscles in the lower zone on one side about the 

 mouth act very indifferently; the grove running 

 from the side of the nose to the mouth on that side 

 is almost lost ; that angle of the mouth falls lower 

 than the other. No such asymmetry is seen in the 

 upper and middle facial zones. Now, the muscles 

 of this region are those most commonly seen in 

 spontaneous action in imbeciles ; it is these muscles 

 that work so awkwardly in nervous one-sided 

 grinning. Seeing, then, that the muscles in different 

 facial regions are differently affected by brain con- 

 ditions, the question presents itself, can we say that 

 one region of the face represents intellectuality more 

 than another ? 



Some years ago I attempted to determine this 

 problem on the negative side by observing the con- 

 ditions of the face in fifteen idiots. In conjunction 

 with Dr. Fletcher Beach, of Darenth Asylum, I ana- 

 lyzed each face according to the following form ; 

 * See Fig. 11, p. 109. 



