THE EYELIDS. 217 



lids are closed or drawn together by the action of 

 the orbicular muscle of the eye. The upper lid is 

 raised by the action of a special muscle, termed 

 elevator of the upper eyelid ; this acts in opposition 

 to the orbicular muscle. The orbicular muscle, 

 which closes the lids, is mainly supplied by the 

 facial nerve ; the elevator muscle of the upper lid is 

 supplied by a branch of the third nerve, the motor 

 oculi; so that different nerves are concerned in 

 opening and in closing the eyelids. We shall refer 

 to this again, in considering some points concerning 

 the movements of the eyes and eyelids. 



Much has been said by different authors about 

 expression in the eyes, but many descriptions do 

 not particularize as to whether the expression is 

 seen in the eyeballs, or in the features of the face, 

 the eyelids, and the parts around them. 



I think there is more expression in the action of 

 the muscles of the eyelids than in the changing 

 conditions of the eyeball itself. If a man wear a 

 mask, showing the eyes only and hiding the other 

 features of the face, there is so little expression 

 seen that it is impossible to recognize the individual 

 thereby, as may be seen at a masked ball. It is the 

 custom in some parts of Italy for men to beg in 

 silence, wearing a loose garb, and a hood covering 

 the face, with holes showing the eyeballs only, and 

 the absence of expression is marked. 



In looking to the modes of expression in the eyes, 

 as in other parts of the body, the greatest number 

 of signs are seen in the nerve-muscular conditions 

 and in the movements. When the eyes are directed 



