218 PHYSICAL EXPRESSION. 



to the right hand or to the left, the axes of the eye- 

 balls move horizontally, and remain parallel to one 

 another. Both eyes may have their axes directed to 

 the right hand or to the left, but the parallelism of 

 the axes is maintained. This co-ordination of the 

 centres of movements is constant during health while 

 awake. If, however, the patient be placed under 

 the influence of chloroform, so as to produce perfect 

 unconsciousness, the loss of associated movements 

 of the eyes may be complete. If, in an adult com- 

 pletely anaesthetized with chloroform, the upper 

 eyelids be gently raised, the pupils will be seen 

 minutely contracted, often to a pin-point, the eyes 

 at the same time having lost the parallelism of their 

 axes. One eye may move inwards or outwards, 

 while the other remains quiet, or moves in a 

 different direction or at a different pace, thus 

 causing a temporary and varying squint. Usually 

 these movements are mostly in the horizontal plane ; 

 less commonly the eyes assume a different level, 

 one being in the horizontal plane, while the other 

 is turned downwards. These movements I have 

 frequently demonstrated in the healthy subject, 

 and have seen that though they occurred in this 

 unconnected way during the coma, they regained 

 their parallelism when the effect of the chloroform 

 passed off, the pupil expanding at the same moment. 

 In an infant in profound sleep the same loss o 

 association of the movements of the eyes occurs ; it 

 may also be seen in young and feeble infants when 

 sucking at the bottle. These points, then, will 

 serve us as indications of sleep, coma, health, etc. 



