220 PHYSICAL EXPRESSION. 



that causes the eyes to be directed towards the 

 object; the sight of some objects repels the eyes. 

 The sight of an object may at one time attract, at 

 another repel, the eyes. We see, then, that the 

 terms " attract," " repel," as here used, are purely 

 conventional ; there is no such thing as attraction 

 in the sense in which the word is applied in speak- 

 ing of gravity, or electricity. 



As an illustration of the movements of eyes under 

 the effect of the sight of objects, I may refer to 

 observations I have often made upon people during 

 railway travelling. It is easy to make observations 

 upon the movements of the eyes of a fellow- 

 passenger sitting opposite and looking out of 

 window. When the line of rail is running on an 

 embankment, there being no tall objects near the 

 train, the distant objects remain long in view, and 

 as the eyes are attracted to one object in the 

 distance after another, the eyes move horizontally, 

 but slowly, their axes being directed to one object 

 till it passes beyond the field of vision, then moving 

 towards another object. When the train passes 

 through a cutting all objects within view are near, 

 and remain within sight but a fraction of a second, 

 so that as one object after another attracts the atten- 

 tion the eyes move rapidly I think often over a 

 hundred times a minute. 



Having considered these preliminary matters 

 with regard to eye movements, our attention must 

 now be directed to the principles and modes of 

 expression as seen in the eyes. In a young infant 

 the eyes are constantly moved while it is awake ; 



