308 



PHYSICAL EXPRESSION. 



immediate communication with the seventh pair 

 of nerves. The angles of the mouth must never be 

 drawn up alone, without other tokens of an incipient 

 smile. Great care should be taken to avoid drawing 

 the eyebrows inwards: an error frequently com- 

 mitted by the French in their portraits. 



"Laughter (Fig. 42). In laughter all the effects pro- 

 duced by the former affection are greatly increased, 

 and others are superadded. The whole countenance 



Fig. 40. Contempt. 



Fig. 41. Complacency, Friendli- 

 ness, Tacit Joy. 



inclines forwards, but without the attention being 

 fixed upon any determinate object. The outward 

 edges of the orbicular muscles of the eye are con- 

 tracted, producing wrinkles and folds around the 

 eyes. The lips are opened by the action of the 

 orbicular muscle, on the external sides ; hence 

 the teeth, particularly the upper, are made to 

 appear ; small wrinkles arise at the corners of the 

 mouth, and the cheeks become fuller, etc. . 



