HARTLEY GREGORY. 327 



matic state through the several degrees of volun- 

 tariness till they become perfectly voluntary, and 

 then repassing through the same degrees in an 

 inverted order, till they become secondarily auto- 

 matic on many occasions, though still perfectly 

 voluntary on some, viz. whensoever an express act 

 of the will is exerted." 



" I will here add Sir Isaac Newton's words, con- 

 cerning sensation and voluntary motion, as they 

 occur at the end of his Principia, both because 

 they first led me into this hypothesis, and because 

 they flow from it as a corollary. He affirms, then, 

 ' both that all sensation is performed, and also the 

 limbs of animals moved in a voluntary manner, by 

 the power and actions of a very subtle spirit ; i.e. 

 by the vibrations of this spirit, propagated through 

 the solid capillaments of the nerves from the ex- 

 ternal organs of the senses to the brain, and from 

 the brain into the muscles.' " * 



Hartley refers to consciousness as an item in the 

 voluntary character of certain movements. He 

 also refers to the movements of young children as 

 being at first automatic, then voluntary, giving out 

 the idea that the study of infantile movements is 

 a basis for the study of mind. 



Gregory, in his work entitled "A Comparative 

 View of the State and Faculties of Man with those 

 of the Animal World," writes (p. 4) : " Enquiries 

 into the structure of the Human body have, indeed, 

 been prosecuted with great diligence and accuracy. 

 But this was a matter of no great difficulty. It 



* Hartley, op. cit., p. 39, Cor. 4. 



