298 COORDINATION AND SENSATION 



to the face, of taste to the front of the tongue, and of con- 

 trol of muscles of mastication ; afferent and efferent) con- 

 nect with the skin of the face, the mucous membrane of 

 the mouth, the teeth, and the muscles of mastication. 



5. The seventh pair {facial nerves; control muscles 

 that give the facial expressions ; efferent) connect with 

 the muscles just beneath the skin of the face. 



6. The eighth pair (auditory nerves ; nerves of hearing; 

 afferent) connect with the internal ear. 



7. The ninth pair {glossopharyngeal nerves; nerves 

 of taste to back of tongue and of muscular control of 

 pharynx; afferent and efferent) connect with the back 

 surface of the tongue and with the muscles of the pharynx. 



8. The tenth pair (vagus, or pneumogastric, nerves ; 

 nerves of feeling and of muscular control ; afferent and 

 efferent) connect with the heart, larynx, lungs, and stom- 

 ach. They have the widest distribution of any of the 

 cranial nerves. 



9. The eleventh pair (spinal accessory nerves ; control 

 muscles of neck; efferent) connect with the muscles of 

 the neck. 



10. The twelfth pair (Jiypoglossal nerves; control mus- 

 cles of the tongue ; efferent) connect with the muscles of 

 the tongue. 



Sympathetic Ganglia and Nerves. The sympathetic 

 ganglia are found in different parts of the body, and 

 vary in size from those which are half an inch in diameter 

 to those that are smaller than the heads of pins. The 

 largest and most important ones are found in two chains 

 which lie in front, and a little to either side, of the spinal 

 column, and extend from the neck to the region of the 

 pelvis (Figs. 125 and 133). The number of ganglia in each 

 of these chains is about twenty-four. They are connected 



