PREHENSION OF FOOD. 



233 



which in the cat tribe acquire especial hardness. The arrangement 

 of these papillae is characteristic of the different animals. Four kinds 

 of papillae have been recognized, the filiform, or thread-like; the 

 mushroom-shape, or fungiform ; the conical ; and the so-called circum- 

 vallate papillae, which are in shape similar to the fungiform papillae, 



FIG. 82. TONGUE OF HORSE. (Gamgee.) 



FIG. 83. TONGUE OF Ox. (Gamgee.) 



but which are surrounded by a circular groove. By the distribution 

 of these papillae the tongue of the horse can readily be distinguished 

 from that of the ox, a point of some consequence, since horses' tongues 

 are sometimes sold in the market as beef-tongues. The tongue of the 

 horse is long, with a well-marked middle depression, or raphe, with a 



