DIGESTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE. 



397 



dog, in which the operation for making pancreatic fistulae is most usual 

 as in most other animals, two pancreatic ducts the upper and smaller 

 one opening into the duodenum in the same papilla as the bile-duct, 

 while the larger and lower duct opens into the duodenum about two 

 centimeters lower down. These ducts communicate by frequent anasto- 

 moses, the lower being always selected for operation. In those animals 

 in which the duodenum has a wide mesentery, as in the rodents, the 

 pancreas forms an arborescent mass between the two layers of the mes- 

 enter} r . This is the plan of arrangement in the rabbit, and also in the 



FIG. 155. PANCREAS OF THE DOG. (Bernard.) 



PP, pancreas; a, pylorus; ft, glands of Brunner ; c c', large pancreatic duct; d, eminence formed 

 by the duodenal glands ; e, small pancreatic duct at its opening in the intestina : /, a'nastomosis between 

 the large and small pancreatic duct: g, orifice of the biliary duct; h, orifice of small, and t, of the large 

 pancreatic duct; k' , anastomosis of the large with the small duct. 



cat. In the rabbit the pancreas has two ducts, but the upper one, 

 which enters the duodenum with the bile-duct, is very small, while 

 the lower one is very long, and enters the intestine about thirty to 

 forty centimeters below the pylorus. In the cat, the arrangement 

 of these ducts is so irregular as to baffle all description. In most 

 cases there are several of them, and sometimes, as occurs quite con- 

 stantly in the seal, the upper duct passes into a sort of reservoir 



