The Minds of Animals 



peculiar habits, if he wishes thoroughly to investigate in 

 a truly critical spirit their psychological emotions. Only 

 he \vho has for many, many years lived in the midst of a 

 foreign people and has given himself up to his task with 

 heartfelt zeal, and who possesses an innate aptitude for 

 the subject, can undertake such a work. 



It appears that certain kinds of animals remain, as a 

 whole, unchanged for long periods of time. It also seems 

 to me that the mind acts according to certain inherited 

 tendencies ; this is called instinct. When carefully ex- 

 amined, however, it will be found that these so-called 

 instincts resolve themselves often into more or less 

 deliberate actions, although it may be that these actions 

 are committed within very narrow limits and in accordance 

 with sharply defined rules. I call as witnesses those 

 thousands and thousands of dog-owners and sportsmen 

 who are convinced of the fact that their own animals, 

 which have been with them in many a tight corner, under- 

 stand them and love them. This may seem to others, in 

 many cases, hard to understand, and appear at times 

 exaggerated. These lack the long and sympathetic study 

 of the finest differences of the animal minds in question 



There are more thinus in heaven and earth . . . 



