APPENDIX 



Explanation of Terms. 



Head of a Flicker. 



a. Forehead ; b. crown ; c. occiput ; d. nape ; e. chin ; f. throat ; 



g. jaw-patch, or mustache. 

 Occipital means " on the occiput." 

 Nuchal means " on the nape." 

 Primaries are the nine or ten wing-quills borne upon the last 



joint of the wing. 



Secondaries are the wing-quills attached to the fore-arm bones. 

 Tertiaries are the wing-quills springing from the upper arm 



bones. 

 Wing coverts are the shorter lines of feathers overlapping these 



long quills. 

 Tail coverts are the lengthened feathers that overlap the root of 



the tail both above and below, called respectively upper and 



under tail coverts. 

 Ear coverts are the feathers that overlie the ear, often specially 



modified or colored. 

 Rump, the space between the middle of the back and the root of 



the tail. 

 $ is the sign used to indicate the male sex. 



