126 APPENDIX 



across breast, a bright scarlet one on nape. $ with black 



jaw patches' 9 without them. 12 inches. 



South Atlantic and Gulf region, north to North Carolina, 

 a. C. a. luteus, Northern Flicker. 



Larger; paler; black bars above narrower; less black and 



white below. 



North from North Carolina and west to the Rocky Moun- 

 tains; casual farther west; migratory from its northern 

 ranges. 



22. COLAPTES CAFER, Red-shafted Flicker. 



Color pattern similar to above with the following differ- 

 ences: wings and tail red beneath instead of yellow; throat 

 ashy gray; usually no red on occiput (though some specimens 

 show a narrow crescent). $ with red jaw patches. 12.5-14 

 inches. 



Rocky Mountain region west to Pacific coast from 

 Mexico to British Columbia, except northwest coast 

 region of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, 

 and occasionally east to Kansas and Nebraska; resident 

 except in the more northern portions of its range. 

 a. C. c. saturatior, Northwestern Flicker. 



Darker; smaller; narrower breast crescent. 



Northwest coast, replacing the above, from which it can- 

 not be separated in life. 



23. COLAPTES CHRYSOIDES, Gilded Flicker ; Cactus Flicker. 



Color pattern same as C. auratus, but throat gray; top of 

 head brown; occiput without band; tail band broader and 

 yellow paler than in C. auratus. $ with jaw patches bright 

 red; "iris blood red " (Hayden). 



Central and southern Arizona and Lower California. 

 a. C. c. brunescens, Brown Flicker. 



A curious subspecies of the last, smaller, with larger, 

 more numerous spots and a smoky brown cast of plumage; 

 black tail band very wide; jaw patches red; wings and tail 

 yellow beneath. 



Lower (not southern) California; casual only in southern 



California; in Arizona to 35. 



