NOVUM ORGANUM. 237 



9. Liquida ferventia, aut calefacta. 



10. Vapores et fumi ferventes, atque aer ipse, qui fortissi- 

 mum et furentem suscipit calorem, si concludatur ; ut in rever- 

 beratojiis. 1 le/ixA^^^jj /.wn^c^ 



11. Tempestates aliquae sudae peripsam constitutionem aeris, 

 non habita ratione temporis anni. 



12. Aer conclusus et subterraneus in cavernis nonnullis, 

 praesertim hyeme. dtn ^ ^ 



13. Omnia villosa, ut lana, pelles animalium, et plumagines, 

 habent nonnihil teporis. 



14. Corpora omnia, tarn solida quam liquida et tarn .densa 



. f ,. , . .. X . . W^ \*H o-tuv^vtcw.**^^ f^ 



quam tenuia (quahs est ipse aer), igm aojempus approximata. 



15. Scintillas ex silice et chalybe per fortem percussionem. 



16. Omne corpus fortiter attritum, ut lapis, lignum, pannus, 

 etc.; adeo ut temones et axes rotarum aliquando flammam 

 concipiant; et mos excitandi ignis apud Indos Occidentales 

 fuerit per attritionem. 



17. Herbae virides et humidae simul conclusae et contrusae, ut 

 . * <L J{<*A * *HMC? .. . dfrcfctr' c ., 



rosae, pmsae' 2 in corbibus; adeo ut ioenum, si repositum merit 



-i ^~%^w-^taf 



madidum. saepe concipiat flammam. 3 



. n %viC.U)ia 5UAxUtttj- U/l^^A/LV 



18. Calx viva, aqua aspersa. 



19. Ferrum, cum primo dissolvitur per aquas fortes in vitro, 

 idque absque ulla admotione ad ignem : et stannum similiter, 

 etc., sed non a-:leo intense. 



1 That is, furnaces in which the flame is made to return on itself by impeding its 

 direct course. 



2 Pisae in the original edition. 



3 " That seeds when germinating, as they lie heaped in large masses, evolve a 

 considerable degree of heat, is a fact long known from the malting of grain ; but 

 the cause of it was incorrectly sought for in a process of fermentation. To Goppert 

 ( Ueber Warmeentwickelung in der lebenden Pflanze) is due the merit of having 

 demonstrated that such is not the case, but that the evolution of heat is connected 

 with the process of germination. Seeds of very different chemical composition (of 

 different grains, of Hemp, Clover, Spergula, JBrassica, &c.), made to germinate in 

 quantities of about a pound, became heated, at a temperature of the air of 48 66, 

 to 59 120 Fahr. 



" It was likewise shown by Goppert that full-grown plants also, such as Oats, Maize, 

 Cyperus esculentus, Hyoscyamus, Sedum acre, &c., laid together in heaps and covered 

 with bad conductors of heat, cause a thermometer placed among them to rise about 

 2 7 (Spergula as much as 22) above the temperature of the air. . . . 



" A very great evolution of heat occurs in the blossom of the Aroidece. This is 

 considerable even in our Arum maculatum, and according to Dutrochet's researches 

 ( Comptes rendus, 1839, 695.) rises to 25 27 above the temperature of the air. 

 But this phenomenon is seen in a far higher degree in Colocasia odora, in which plant 

 it has been investigated by Brongniart (Nouv. Ann, d. Museum, iii X Vrolik and Vriese 

 (Ann. des Sc. Nat., sec. ser. v. 134.), and Van Beek and Bersgma ( Obs. thermo-elect. 

 s. Velev. de temper at, des Fhurs d. Colocas. odor. 1838). These last observers found 

 the maximum of heat 129, when the temperature of the air was 79." Mohl On 

 the Vegetable Cell, translated by Arthur Henfrey, Lond. 1852, pp. 101. and 102. 



