July, 1914.] THE APPLE MAGGOT. 11 



most noteworthy achievement was the definite proof that the 

 adult female lays its eggs beneath the skin of the fruit — a matter 

 of great importance economically. 



From 1896 to 1905 experiments were conducted at the Rhode 

 Island Station by L. F. Kinney (38), Card and Adams (3, 4), 

 Card and Stene (5), Card and Blake (C), and F. W. Card (7). 

 Remedial measures, principally, were considered. 



In 1912 the Cornell Station published the results of an exten- 

 sive biologic study of the species bj' Dr. J. F. Illingworth (34), 

 under the direction of Professor Herrick. These studies, which 

 were in progress through 1911 and 1912, provided valuable infor- 

 mation on many phases of the life economy of the maggot, 

 together with admirable histologic data. 



In 1913 William A. Ross of the Division of Entomology, 

 Ottawa, made a preliminary report of an investigation in prog- 

 ress through 1912 and still under way (55). These studies were 

 carried out in conjunction with Mr. Lawson Csesar, provincial 

 entomologist of Ontario. 



SOURCE AND FOOD PLANTS. 



It is probable that the apple maggot is a native American 

 species, distributed originally in somewhat scattering fashion 

 through certain areas in the northeastern part of this country, 

 between the fortieth and forty-fifth parallels. 



That the species may be an importation is possible. There is, 

 however, no evidence available at this time to show that it has 

 existed or now exists in any other country. Dr. H. Loew, who 

 gave critical attention to the genus, did not find it in collections 

 of European Trypetidce. The nature of early records in this 

 country does not favor a foreign origin. 



If it is a native species, its original host plant is to be looked 

 for, presumably, in at least some part of the region it now nor- 

 mally inhabits, and in wild fruit indigenous to that region. It 

 may fairly be assumed, also, that the original host is some fruit 

 that the maggot now infests, at least occasionally. It does not 

 follow that the source is necessarily one of the wild fruits in which 

 the maggot has actually been recorded, although the assumption 

 is in favor of recorded hosts. 



