July, 1914.] THE APPLE MAGGOT. 105 



safely, by appealing to the experience and observation of horti- 

 culturists and of many growers. The attempt failed to material- 

 ize foundation for specific conclusions, but did bring out many 

 interesting experiences. 



Of the horticulturists, three believed the practice of permitting 

 hogs in orchards a dangerous one; four considered that with rea- 

 sonable precautions the plan may be followed with safety. 



From their letters the following observations are quoted: 



"Hogs are often kept in orchards for years without damage to 

 the trees. Then ... a few or all of a herd will begin de- 

 stroying the roots of apple trees or even strip the barks from 

 trunks. Ringing their noses will help keep them out of mischief, 

 but even with rings in their noses I have known hogs to do a good 

 deal of damage in an orchard"; "... if the hogs are well 

 fed and watered I do not believe they will damage the trees in 

 the least. I have known of several cases where they have been 

 used in this way without any damage whatever"; "... in 

 my experience the injury by. hogs has taken place in those or- 

 chards where the hogs were not provided with charcoal and min- 

 eral matter in abundance. Where charcoal has been given I 

 know of no serious injury whatever"; "I have never known of 

 any marked injury from the pasturing of hogs in an apple orchard 

 where the hogs were given plenty of room and fed outside the 

 orchard." 



In the course of a questionnaire submitted to New Hampshire 

 growers two questions were asked concerning hogs, as follows: 



1. Have you known of hogs injuring apple trees, by stripping 

 the bark from the trunks, etc., when kept in an orchard through 

 summer? 



Fifty-two growers replied "Yes" to this question. Sixty-three 

 growers answered it with "No." 



2. Have you known of hogs being kept in an orchard for one 

 or more seasons without injury to the trees? 



Sixty-nine growers answered this question with "Yes." Thirty- 

 five answered it with "No." 



Many growers supported their replies with comments and 

 experiences of great interest. Space will permit quoting only a 

 few of these, as follows: 



"I had one sow and ten pigs in an enclosure (one fourth acre). 



