July, 1914.] THE APPLE MAGGOT. 107 



CONTROL MEASURES DIRECTED AGAINST THE PUPA. 



USE OF POULTRY. 



In a number of places noted in observational records poultry- 

 have been found to serve as efficient cfiecks of the maggot in trees 

 located within the runs. If the ground is well w^orked over by 

 the poultry it may be inferred that pupse are found and 

 destroyed by them. 



In June, 1911, four cages were arranged near the insectary at 

 Durham. Each cage was 4 by 4 feet square, and was covered 

 with screen wire of the mesh used for fly screens. 



Cage 1 was on sod, over a space where 1 bushel of infested Red 

 Astrachan apples had been allowed to rot the previous August. 



Cage 2 was on sod. Three quarters of a bushel of infested 

 Sops-of-Wine had been placed here the previous summer. 



Cage 3 was located over a space where seven eighths bushel of 

 infested Gravensteins had rotted the previous August. This 

 ground was spaded when the cage was placed in position. 



Cage 4 covered a space where miscellaneous infested apples 

 had decayed the previous year. This ground was spaded before 

 placing the cage in position. 



Before setting up the cages 100 pupse were buried at a depth 

 of an inch or two in the ground covered by each cage. These 

 were in addition to the pupse that might be in the soil from the 

 decaying apples of the prior year. 



One hen was introduced into each cage June 16, and thereafter 

 each cage was watched for adults of the maggot. The hens used 

 were as follows: No. 1, Buff Leghorn; No. 2, White Leghorn; No. 

 3, Plymouth Rock; No. 4, White Leghorn. In Cage 2 the hen 

 died June 28. Her place was taken by another of the same breed. 

 In Cage 4 the hen died July 3, her place being taken by a black 

 hen of unknown breed. 



The record of flies observed in each cage was as follows : 



In Cage No. 1, 1 fly, found June 29. 



In Cage No. 2, 13 flies, found June 28 to July 8. This is the 

 cage in which the hen was sick and inactive. 



In Cage No. 3, 6 flies, found June 26. 



In Cage No. 4, no flies. 



It is not known, of course, how many flies that otherwise might 



