THE EVOLUTION OF MAN. 



CHAPTER I. 



THE FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF THE EVOLUTION OF 

 ORGANISMS. 



General Significance of the History of the Evolution of Man. Ignorance of 

 it among the so-called Educated Classes. The Two Branches of the 

 History of Evolution. Ontogeny, or the History of Germs (Embryos) , 

 and Phylogeny, or the History of Descent (or of the Tribes). Causal 

 Connection between the Two Series of Evolution. The Evolution of 

 the Tribe determines the Evolution of the Germ. Ontogeny as an 

 Epitome or Recapitulation of Phylogeny. The Incompleteness of this 

 Epitome. The Fundamental Law of Biogeny. Heredity and Adapta- 

 tion are the two Formative Functions, or the two Mechanical Causes, 

 of Evolution. Absence of Purposive Causes. Validity of Mechanical 

 Causes only. Substitution of the Monistic or Unitary for the Dualistic, 

 or Binary Cosmology. Eadical Importance of the Facts of Embryology 

 to Monistic Philosophy. Palingenesis, or Derived History, and Keno- 

 genesis, or Vitiated History. History of the Evolution of Forms and 

 Functions. Necessary Connection between Physiogeny and Morpho- 

 geny. The History of Evolution as yet almost entirely the Product of 

 Morphology, and not of Physiology. The History of the Evolution of 

 the Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Marrow) is involved 

 in that of the Psychic Activities, or the Mind. 



" The History of the Evolution of Organisms consists of two kindred and 

 closely connected parts : Ontogeny, which is the history of the evolution of 

 individual organisms, and Phylogeny, which is the historyof the evolution 

 of organic tribes. Ontogeny is a brief and rapid recapitulation of 

 Phylogeny, dependent on the physiological functions of Heredity (reproduo- 



