CHAPTER V. 

 MODERN PHYLOGENY. 



CHARLES DARWIN. 



Relation of Modern to Earlier Phylogeny. Charles Darwin's Work on the 

 Origin of Species. Causes of its Remarkable Success. The Theory of 

 Selection : the Interrelation of Hereditary Transmission and Adaptation 

 in the Struggle for Existence. Darwin's Life and Voyage Bound the 

 World. His Grandfather, Erasmus Darwin. Charles Darwin's Study 

 of Domestic Animals and Plants. Comparison of Artificial with 

 Natural Conditions of Breeding. The Struggle for Existence. Neces- 

 sary Application of the Theory of Descent to Man. Descent of Man 

 from the Ape. Thomas Huxley. Karl Vogt. Friedrich Rolle. 

 The Pedigrees in the Generelle Morphologic and the " History of 

 Creation." The Genealogical Alternative. The Descent of Man from 

 Apes deduced from the Theory of Descent. The Theory of Descent 

 as the Greatest Inductive Law of Biology. Foundation of this Induc- 

 tion. Paleontology. Comparative Anatomy. The Theory of Endi. 

 mentary Organs. Purposelessness, or Dysteleology. Genealogy of the 

 Natural System. Chorology. CEkology. Ontogeny. Refutation of 

 the Dogma of Species. The " Monograph on the Chalk Sponges ; " 

 Analytic Evidence for the Theory of Descent. 



" By considering the embryological structure of man the homologies 

 which he presents with the lower animals the rudiments which he retains 

 aud the reversions to which he is liable, we can par.ly recall in imagination 

 the former condition of our early progenitors ; and can approximately place 

 them in their proper position in the zoological series. We thus learn that 

 man is descended from a hairy quadruped, furnished with a tail and pointed 

 ears, probably arboreal in its habits, and an inhabitant of the Old World. 



