DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTINCTIVE HUMAN CHARACTERS. 373 



In the structure of the head (Plate VII. Fig. M III., etc.). 

 The size of the various divisions of the brain in Man is 

 now greater, while, on the contrary, the tail appears shorter. 

 Other differences between Man and the lower Mammals are 

 to be seen in the relative dimensions of the interior parts. 

 Yet even now the human embryo is hardly distinguishable 

 from that of the nearest allied Mammals, the Apes, and 

 especially the anthropomorphic Apes. The characters which 

 distinguish the human embryo from those of Apes make their 

 appearance much later ; even in a very advanced stage of 

 development, in which the human embryo is instantly 

 distinguishable from that of hoofed animals (Ungulata),the 

 former is still veiy similar to the embryo of the higher 

 Apes. At length, in the fourth or fifth month these charac- 

 ters make their appearance, and during the four last months 

 of the embryonic life of the human being, from the sixth 

 to the ninth month of pregnancy, the human embryo is 

 readily distinguishable from those of all other Vertebrates ; 

 then the characters which distinguish the various races of 

 mankind also make their appearance, especially those in 

 the structure of the skull. 



The striking resemblance which exists for a long time 

 between the embryos of Man and of the higher Apes dis- 

 appears, moreover, at a much earlier period in the lower 

 Apes. It is naturally retained longest in the large anthro- 

 pomorphic Apes (the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orang-outang, and 

 Gibbon ; Plate XIV.). The facial resemblance, which strikes us 

 in these man-like Apes, continually decreases with age. On 

 the other hand, it is retained throughout life by the remark- 

 able Nose-apes (Semnopithecus na-sicus) of Borneo (Fig. 125), 

 the well-shaped nose of which might well be coveted by men 



