EVOLUTION OF MAN FROM APES. 179 



to one and the same conclusion : that the anatomical dif- 

 ferences that distinguish Man from the most highly developed 

 Catarhinse (the Orang, Gorilla, Chimpanzee), are not so great 

 as those which separate the latter from the lowest Catarhinse 

 (Sea-cat, Macaque, Baboon). 



We must, therefore, consider the proof complete, that Man 

 is descended from other Narrow-nosed Apes (Catarhince). 

 Although future researches into the Comparative Anatomy 

 and Ontogeny of the existing Catarhines, as well as of their 

 fossil relatives, promise us various new details, yet no 

 future discovery can ever overthrow that important pro- 

 position. Our Catarhine ancestors must, of course, have 

 passed through a long series of varied forms, before Man 

 finally developed as the most perfect form. The following 

 must be considered as the most important advances by 

 which this " Creation of Man," his differentiation from the 

 most nearly allied Catarhine Apes, was effected : Habituation 

 to upright carriage and, in connection with this, the greater 

 differentiation of the anterior and posterior limbs ; also, the 

 -development of articulate speech and its organ, the larynx ; 

 and lastly, and especially, the more perfect development of 

 the brain and its function, the soul ; sexual selection must 

 have exerted an extraordinarily important influence, as 

 Darwin has conclusively proved in his celebrated work on 

 sexual selection. 162 



With reference to these advances, we may, among our 

 Catarhine ancestors, distinguish at least four important 

 ancestral stages, marking prominent epochs in the great 

 historical process of the origin of Man. As the nineteenth 

 stage in the human pedigree, next to the Semi-apes, we may 

 place the oldest and lowest Catarhine Apes, which developed 



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