294 EVOLUTION OF TO-DAY. 



as a basis for classification, he demands a whole 

 kingdom to himself, instead of a simple generic 

 rank. Even the lowest man is immeasurably superior 

 to the highest brute. Between them is a vast chasm 

 which no one has yet been able to bridge. It is 

 true that between the lowest men and the higher 

 classes there is perhaps an even greater difference. 

 But in this case there is no chasm, for a complete 

 series of higher and higher grades of intelligence 

 unites the two extremes. It is plain that this differ- 

 ence is one of degree, and not one of kind. The 

 lowest men have the same sort of intelligence, the 

 same kinds of emotion, which are found in the 

 highest races, except that they are less developed, 

 and turned into different directions. The difference 

 between the intellect of a Newton and a Hottentot 

 is even greater than that between the Hottentot 

 and the ourang-outang, but the former difference is 

 filled by steps of development, while the latter 

 difference is a chasm, seemingly an impassable one. 

 Experiment has shown that a savage, if taken when 

 young and brought up among civilized people, de- 

 velops into a very good member of community, 

 about as intelligent as many people among civilized 

 nations. But such an experiment would fail if tried 

 with the ourang-outang. Here then, we begin to 

 see the grounds for the claim that man is more than 

 animal. Many students hold the position that in 

 regard to the mental nature by this term is meant 

 both intellect and moral nature the difference be- 

 tween man and the other animals is one of kind, and 

 that the chasm between man and animal indicates 



