MAN AS AN INTELLIGENT ANIMAL. 295 



that something has been introduced. Evidently if 

 these factors are absolutely new in kind, they could 

 not have been evolved, for evolution does not create. 

 If animals possess nothing equivalent to this new 

 nature, man could never have been produced wholly 

 by evolution. If this is the conclusion to which we 

 must arrive, man must be looked upon as something 

 different from other animals, as a new departure. 

 Just what may be meant by a new departure is not 

 so clear. Perhaps at the appearance of man the 

 Creator implanted in him a new spirit, " breathed 

 into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became 

 a living soul." Perhaps He so influenced some pre- 

 viously existing animal as to cause his development 

 in a new direction. " An unknown cause accelerated 

 the development," says Wallace. Either of these 

 views would recognize the evolution of man, but 

 would, at the same time, regard man as more than 

 an animal, and hence in a sense a special creation. 

 The significance of either of these two views it is 

 not our present purpose to discuss. The question 

 which we must consider is one preceding this. Is it 

 necessary to assume that man differs from animals 

 in any thing except the degree of development of 

 certain faculties? Is the mental nature of man such 

 in its character that it must be considered different 

 in kind from that of animals? or is it possible to be- 

 lieve that the intellectual nature of animals contains 

 the rudiments of man's mental attributes, so that 

 human intelligence, morality, etc., could have been 

 derived by development from that of animals ? If 

 the former be the truth it is plain that there is a 



