304 EVOLUTION OF TO-DAY. 



animals, to develop, in order to have an explanation 

 of the mental characteristics of man. 



In the first place it is hardly possible to doubt 

 that animals possess most of the same emotions 

 which characterize man. Every one knows of in- 

 stances of love and hatred shown by animals for 

 each other and for man. A dog will follow his mas- 

 ter through every possible hardship ; is unhappy 

 when separated from him ; is jealous when another 

 is petted in his place. In what is this different from 

 the love which a servant bears his master ? A tiger 

 will defend her helpless young with her life. Is 

 this not maternal love ? It does not alter the facts 

 to claim that such love on the part of animals is an 

 interested love. For human love is in the same way 

 influenced by circumstances. A dog will endure as 

 much ill treatment from his master and yet retain 

 his love, as will one human being from another. 

 The significant fact is not what may cause or de- 

 stroy the love of animals, but that, so far as we can 

 judge, it is love, similar to that found in man. It is 

 true that the love shown by animals is not of the 

 highest type, since it never passes beyond love for. 

 friends. Love in man in its highest sense is directed 

 also towards his enemies. But such a feeling is sel- 

 dom possessed by man, only the higher races even 

 having a conception of the idea. Savages cannot 

 even understand it. The love of animals is certainly 

 equal to that of a child whose regard extends only 

 to father and mother, and perhaps one or two others 

 from whom it receives favors. If animals show the 

 emotion of love, they also conceive hatreds and jeaL 



