KNOWLEDGE OF TOOLS, ETC. 305 



ousies. They possess the feeling of curiosity as 

 much as certain savage tribes. They have the 

 power and habit of attention and imitation. They 

 certainly have memory, as is daily shown by their 

 ability to learn and repeat tricks. Who can see two 

 kittens at play without feeling that their emotions 

 are quite similar to those of playing children. Ani- 

 mals have a sense of beauty ; witness the gorgeous 

 display of plumage in birds during the mating sea- 

 son. Darwin even believes that animals possess 

 imagination, which he thinks is proved by their 

 dreams. In all of these various respects then, 

 judging from their actions, animal minds are simi- 

 lar to those of man. 



Knowledge of Tools, ete. Language. Power of im- 

 provement. Consciousness. 



We now come to certain qualities of man more 

 difficult to deal with from the standpoint of the evo- 

 lutionist. And they are points of distinction rather 

 than points of likeness between the mental qualities 

 of man and brute. First, we notice the frequently 

 urged distinction that man alone makes and uses 

 tools, can build a fire ; he alone plants seeds and 

 gathers the harvest. The position taken by the evo- 

 lutionist on this matter is, that these points do not 

 indicate any new mental quality but simply new dis- 

 coveries on the part of man's greater intelligence. 

 Animals understand the use of tools and of the fire. 

 Every one has heard of the monkey using a stone to 

 crack nuts, or a stick as a weapon. The use of tools 

 is a great step toward their production. Evidence 



