" NO CHOICE BUT TO OBEY." 317 



same as if lunged with a cavesson. Supposing the 

 horse to be walking round the ring to the left, if the 

 right rein is pulled, what is he to do ? he cannot 

 incline to the right, because the inclosure of the ring 

 prevents him : his head is by this pulled as it were 

 into the pit; his fore-quarters cannot follow, so he 

 has but one resource : he brings his croup round till 

 it is in the place his head was while going to the left : 

 he is now straight, and goes off round the circle to 

 the right. When wanted to change, it is only re- 

 versing the thing : the left or, in driving phrase, the 

 near rein is pulled : he, as it may be termed, swings 

 round his croup, and there he is in his first position 

 again and going to the left. 



After this has been practise'd some time, the horse 

 will turn on the slightest touch on the proper rein, 

 which it is far pleasanter to him to do than to get a 

 severe snatch on his mouth and a stroke of the whip 

 if he does not ; so, after a short time, a packthread 

 would turn him. But he has further intimation of 

 what is wanted of him than this (as when exhibited 

 he will have no reins on him, or perhaps bridle) to 

 teach him to perform the same when at liberty. 

 While he has the reins on, a proper signal always 

 accompanies or rather just precedes the pull at the 

 rein, till from long practice he will turn on seeing or 

 hearing the signal without any touch of the rein being 

 required : he knows it will come (and when he is 

 perfect) with severity if he is careless ; so, though 

 going at speed, he is on the watch for the signal, and 

 obeys it instantly. His obedience while under tuition 

 is invariably followed by reward ; and really these 

 horses are very fair customers to tradespeople for 

 apples, carrots, sugar, &c., as rewards of obedience. 



