146 



LICHENS AND FUNGI. 



the functions of reproduction. The upper cuticle is pierced by two forms of fructifying 

 organs viz., soredia, or masses of powdery bodies, scattered over the surface and 



Fig. 298. 



Fig. 299. 



Fig. 297. 



Fig. 296.* Section of the shield in a Parmelia, showing the position of the spores. 

 Fig. 297. Magnified representation of the cellular structures of Sea-weeds. (Algae.) 



8. The Fucus Vesiculosus, or Bladder-wrack. 

 Fig. 299. Promelia Perforata : Lichen, with projecting shields. 



shields (Scutella, Fig. 299, A), surrounded by a rim, and containing asci, or tubes filled 

 with sporules. 



Fungi, or Mushrooms. This is a most extensive family of plants, and assumes 

 forms infinitely more diverse than is represented by the members to which the name is 



