186 NATURAL ORDER OP PLANTS. 



2. FUNQALKS. Cellular fiowerless plants, nourished through their thallus (spawn or mycelium) ; 

 living in air; propagated by spores, colourless or brown, and sometimes inclosed in asci; 

 destitute of green gonidia. 598 Gen. ; 4000 Sp. 



Natural Orders. 6. Hymenomycetes, Agaricaceaa, or Toadstools. 7. Gasteromycetes, 

 Lycoperdaceae, or Puffballs. 8. Coniomycetes, Uredinaceae, or Blights. 9. Hypho- 

 mycetes, Botrytaceae, or Mildews. 10. Ascomycetes, Helvellacese, or Morels. 11. Physo- 

 inycetes, Mucoracese, or Moulds. 



S. LICHKNALES. Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their whole surface by the medium 

 in which they vegetate; living in air; propagated by spores usually inclosed in asci; and 

 aiways having green gonidia in their thallus. 58 Gen. ; 2400 Sp. 



Natural Orders. -12. Graphidacese, or Letter-Lichens. 13. Collemacese, or Jelly-Lichena. 

 14. Parmeliaceae, or Leaf-Lichens 



CLASS II. ACROGENS 310 Genera; 4086 Species. 



ALLIANCES OF ACROGENS. 



4. MCSCALKS. Cellular (or vascular). Spore-cases immersed or calyptrate (i.e., either plunged in 



the substance of the frond, or inclosed within a hood having the same relation to the spores 

 as an involucre to a seed-vessel). 113 Gen. ; 1822 Sp. 



Natural Orders. 15. Ricciac'eae, or Crystalworts. 16. Marchantiaceae, or Liverworts. 

 17. Jungermanniaceae, or Scalemosses. 18. Equisetaceae, or Horsetails, 19. Andrseacese, 

 or Splitrnosses. 20. Bryaceae, or Drnmosses. 



5. LYCOPODALES. Vascular. Spore-cases axillary or radical, one or many-celled. Spores of two 



sorts. 6 Gen. ; 224 tip. 

 Natural Orders. 21. Lycopodiacece, or Clubmosses. 22. Marsileaceae, or Pepperworts. 



6. FIUCALRS. Vascular. Spore-cases marginal or dorsal, one-celled, usually surrounded by an 



elastic riug. Spores of but one sort. 192 Gen. ; 2040 Sp. 



Natural Orders. 23. Ophioglossaceas, or Adders' Tongues. 24. Polypodiaceae, or Ferns. 

 25. 



CLASS III. RHIZOOENS. 21 Genera; 53 Species. 



ALLIANCE THE SAME AS THE CLASS. 



Natural Orders. 26. Balanophoraceae, or Cynomoriums. 27. Cytinaceae, or Cistusrapes. 

 28. Rafflesiacese, or Itafflesiads. 



CLASS IV ENDOGENS. H20 Genera; 13684 Species. 



ALLIANCES OP ENDOGENS. 



Flowers glumaceous (that ts to say, composed of bracts not collected in true whorls, but consisting qf 

 imbricated colourless or herbaceous scales). 



7. GLUMALES. 439 Gen. ; 6186 Sp. 



Natural Orders. 29. Graminaceae, or Grasses. 30. Cyperaceae, or Sedges. 31. Des- 

 vauxiaceae, or Bristleworts. 32. Restiaceee, or Restiads. 33. Eriocaulaceae, or Pipeworte. 



Flowers petaloid, or furnished with a true calyx or corollo^ or with both, or absolutely naked ; 

 $ (that is, having sexes altogether in different flowers, without half-formed rudiments of the 

 absent sexes being present}.* 



The following signs are employed in this scheme : 



2 Signifies a bisexual, or hermaphrodite plant. 



^ An unisexual, or male plant. 



9 An unisexual, or female plant. 



Flowers having two coverings, as calyx and corolla, are said to be Diclamydeous; and one cover. 

 Ing, Monoclamydeout. It they vary so that some have one and others two coverings, they are called 

 Monodiclamydeoui. 



