356 RETROGRADE ABSORBENTS. SECT. XXIX. 2. 



that their fchirroilties have acquired a diftind name, 

 and been termed fcrophula. 



4. There are valves in other parts of the body, 

 analogous to thofe of the abforbent fyflem, and 

 which are liable, when difeafed, to regurgitate their 

 contents : thus the upper and lower orifices of the 

 flomach are clofed by valves, which, when too great 

 quantities of warm water have been drank with a 

 defign to promote vomiting, have fometimes refift- 

 ed the utmofl efforts of the abdominal mufcles, and 

 diaphragm : yet, at other times, the upper valve, 

 or cardia, eafily permits the evacuation of the con- 

 tents of the flomach ; whilft the inferior valve, or 

 pylorus, permits the bile, and other conten;s of the 

 duodenum, to regurgitate into the flomach. 



5. The valve of the colon is well adapted to pre- 

 vent the retrograde motion of the excrements ; yet, 

 as this valve is poiTefied of a living power, in the 

 iliac paflion, either from fpafm, or other unnatural 

 exertions, it keeps itfeif open, and either fuffers or 

 promotes the retrograde movements of the contents 

 of the inteftines below ; as in ruminating animals 

 the mouth of the firft flomach feems to be fo con- 

 flruded, as to facilitate or aflift the regurgitation of 

 the food ; the rings of the cefophagus afterwards 

 contracting themfelves in inverted order. De liaen, 

 by means of a fyringe, forced fo much water into 

 the redum inteflinum of a dog, that he vomited it 

 in a full flream from his mouth ; and in the iliac 

 paflion above mentioned, excrements and clyfler 

 are often evacuated by the mouth. See Sedion 

 XXV. 15. 



6. The punda lacrymalia, with the lacrymai 

 fack and nafal dud, compofe a complete gland, and 

 much refemble the inteflinal canal : the punda 

 lacrymalia are abforbent mouths, that take up the 

 tears from the eye, when they have done their office 

 there, and convey them, into the noftrils 5 but when 



the 



