38 



large enough they are not at all satisfactory. I presume their 

 popularity lay in the fact that it requires only a few inches drop 



from the receiving vat 

 to the separator. Sim- 

 ilarly the "Larkin's" 

 heater, a direct steam 

 heater on the pipe con- 

 ducting the milk from 

 the vat to the separator, 

 requires no drop at all 

 and has been endorsed 

 by many good makers, 

 but I cannot say that I 



like the application of direct steam in any manner. There is al- 

 ways a certain risk of contamination, even if no boiler compound 

 makes it a certainty. 



Far better to use the heaters even if more expensive as 

 represented by the Fjord Heater (Fig. 28). This consists of a 

 strong wooden barrel D in which a tinned copper vessel C is in- 

 serted. A stirring apparatus K prevents the milk, which enters 

 at M through H, from scorch- 

 ing on the side. Steam is in- 

 troduced by F if exhaust, and 

 E if direct steam is used. Con- 

 densed water escapes through 

 G. The milk outlet (not 

 shown in the illustration) is 

 above the wood. 



This, with modifications 

 and improvements, has been 

 the common heater used in 

 Europe and now elevates the 

 milk to the separator, but the 

 dashers must not revolve too 

 fast so as to lessen the "skim- 

 ability" of the milk. (See 

 Page 34-) 



The DeLaval Company 

 have a neat little turbine heat- 

 er, and so have the Jensen Mfg. Co., of Topeka, Kan., and Mr. A. 

 H. Reid has copied the improved Danish. (Fig. 78.) 



