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of these pointers are taken, says that not less than five minutes 

 should be used, and that when several separators are to be started 

 he prefers to put on all the belts and start the engine slowly. 



While the ear may be a guide to a musical buttermaker in 

 guessing within a thousand or so revolutions per minute, never 

 neglect to use the speed indicator now and then. 



If there is a stoppage in the milk supply, drive the last cream 

 off with skim milk or water, and if it is going to last half an hour 

 or so stop. If only for a short time, keep up the speed and let a 

 small stream of water run through. 



Mr. L. also thinks that about 10 drops of oil per minute 

 should be enough and that if it takes 30 to 40 drops, it is time to 

 send the separator to the repair shop. 



Sometimes the machine does not skim clean, and milk is 

 found in the frame. (I have seen the latter, or rather smelt it 

 stinking). Try the bowl with water without the cover on and 

 hold a dry piece of paper in front of it and you will soon know if 

 the bowl leaks, but it is by far more common that the bowl is not 

 set right, and hence a slight turn on the set screw below the lower 

 spindle will raise or lower it. 



At other times the supply is too small and consequently a 

 richer cream is made, but more fat ? left in the skim milk. Each 

 machine should be run up to its capacity, and this should not be 

 left to guess work. 



Have two cans and let some one push them under the spouts, 

 when you give the word with watch in hand, and pull 

 them out after i or 2 minutes and weigh the cream and milk, 

 then you know what you are doing. Mr. Baer tells me that more 

 operators lose fat by running too little milk than any other cause. 



TREMBLING MEANS LOSS OF BUTTERFAT. 



As soon as the machine trembles, most operators think the 

 bowl is out of balance, whereas in most cases it is caused by the 

 bearings being worn and there can be no doubt that hundreds of 

 creamery owners or managers incur heavy repair bills by not re- 

 newing the worn out bearings in time. Duplicates should be kept 

 even if the outlay appears heavy at first. 



Carelessness in handling the bowl, especially in washing, 

 will often bend the spindle a trifle, and then the bearings will 

 wear double quick. In hand separators curiosity often leads the 

 owner to unscrew the spindle covering. In replacing it they do 



