414 



THE HUMAN BODY 



which it flows on through the capillaries of the lobules themselves. 

 These (Fig. 134) unite in the center of the lobule to form a small 

 intralobular vein, which carries the blood out and pours it into one 

 of the branches of origin of the hepatic vein, called the sublobular 

 vein. Each of the latter has many lobules emptying blood into it, 

 and if dissected out with them would look something like a branch 

 of a tree with apples attached to it by short stalks, represented by 



the intralobular veins. The 

 blood is finally carried, as 

 already pointed out, by the 

 hepatic veins into the in- 

 ferior vena cava. The hepatic 

 artery, a direct offshoot of the 

 celiac axis (p. 416) supplies 

 some blood to the lobular 

 plexuses, but by no means so 

 much as the portal vein; it all 

 finally leaves the liver by the 

 hepatic veins. 



The bile-ducts can be 

 readily traced to the periph- 

 ery of the lobules, and there 

 communicate with a network 

 of extremely minute com- 

 mencing bile-capillaries, rami- 

 fying in the lobule between 

 the hepatic cells composing 

 it. The relation of the bile- 

 capillaries to the blood capil- 

 laries within the lobule is such that there is always a liver-cell 

 interposed between them. 



From the arrangement of blood-capillaries and bile-capillaries 

 with their connections we can picture the movement of blood 

 and bile through the lobules; the blood, both from the portal 

 vein and the hepatic artery, is delivered to the lobule at its 

 periphery and flows thence from all sides toward the center, 

 where it enters the interlobular vein and is conveyed away. 

 The bile, on the other hand, is secreted by the liver-cells and 

 from them passed into the bile-capillaries; it flows along these 



FIG. 135. The stomach, pancreas, liver, and 

 duodenum, with part of the rest of the small 

 intestine and the mesentery; the stomach and 

 liver have been turned up so as to expose the 

 pancreas. V, stomach; D, D' t D", duodenum; 

 L, spleen; P, pancreas- R, right kidney; T, 

 jejunum; Vf, gall-bladder; h, hepatic duct; c, 

 cystic duct; eft, common bile-duct; 1, aorta, 2, 

 an artery (left coronary) of the stomach; 3, 

 hepatic artery; 4, splenic artery; 5, superior 

 mesenteric artery; 6, superior mesenteric vein; 

 7, splenic vein; Vp, portal vein. 



