Ramaley: SEEDLINGS OF CERTAIN WOODY PLANTS. 83 



deeply bifid, the lobes more or less obovate, 5-6 mm. long 

 and 3-4 mm. broad. They increase rapidly to nearly twice 

 their original size. The hypocotyl is stout, 30 mm. long. 



The epicotyl is 8-12 mm. long. Foliage leaves are oppo- 

 site, entire, pointed, ovate to cordate, petiolate with distinct 

 veining. 



Seedlings of this plant have been previously* described, but 

 without measurements or illustrations. 



RUBIACEJE. 



Cephalanthus occidentalis LINN. 



The "button bush" is a low shrub indigenous throughout 

 most of North America. The seed germinates in about three 

 weeks. The seed coat remains in the ground. 



The cotyledons are ovate, acute, short-petiolate, 3 mm. long 

 and i mm. broad when they first appear ; at length they become 

 about twice or three times that size. The hypocotyl is slender, 

 15-30 mm. in length. 



When the first foliage leaves are open the epicotyl is from 

 4-8 mm. long. Leaves are opposite, ovate, acute, entire, long- 

 petioled, distinctly veined. 



CAPRIFOLIACE^E. 



Sambucus pubens MICHX. 



This is the " red-berried elder " of the northern United States. 

 The seeds ripen in June. If sown at once they germinate in 

 about one month. Some of the seeds, however, do not come 

 up until the following spring. 



The hypocotyl, which passes gradually into the root, is about 

 10 or 15 mm. long. The cotyledons are petiolate. When they 

 first appear they are 3 mm. long and 2 mm. broad. The coty- 

 ledons become longer petioled and the blades more ovate as they 

 grow older. By the time two pairs of foliage leaves have ap- 

 peared they are 10-15 mm - i n length with petiole 8 mm. long. 



The epicotyl is very short as are also the succeeding inter- 

 nodes. Leaves are opposite ; the first two pairs cordate, ser- 

 rate, with petioles as long as the blades. The next leaves are 

 generally trifoliate ; later ones are pinnately multifoliate. 



*Lubbock, op. cit. 2 : 335. 



