216 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. 



reached by me along the international boundary or the shore of 

 the lake. 



Several species of the lichens collected by Dr. C. C. Parry 

 in 1848 and published in 1895 * show northern range, but care- 

 ful investigation f indicates that they were collected south of 

 lake Superior. Thus it appears that the collections listed 

 herein are the first made on the north shore of lake Superior 

 in Minnesota, or along the international boundary for more than 

 100 miles west of the lake. 



The collecting was done by the writer, assisted by Mr. A. S. 

 Skinner, during the latter part of June and the whole month of 

 July, 1897. We were fortunate enough to be associated with 

 Dr. A. H. Elftman, who wished to traverse the region for geo- 

 logical study and whose thorough knowledge of the territory 

 covered, alone made it possible for us to find the best collecting 

 stations in this for the most part uninhabited region, and thus to 

 accomplish good results in a comparatively short time. 



We reached Grand Portage island on the north shore of lake 

 Superior, June i6th, and began collecting at once. The plan 

 was to study the lichen flora of the international boundary and 

 the north shore of lake Superior within the boundaries of 

 Minnesota and to reach some of the inland portions of the two 

 counties. On the whole trip we sought localities as collecting 

 stations offering the greatest differences as to elevation, rock 

 formations, arboreal flora, soil, moisture, etc. Beginning at 

 Grand Portage island we traveled westward by Pigeon river and 

 the chain of lakes along the international boundary to Gunflint, 

 thence south by a series of lakes to Poplar river and down the 

 river to Lutsen, on the shore of lake Superior. From here we 

 proceeded down the lake to Tofte, Beaver Bay and Two Har- 

 bors. We next went directly to Ely and thence eastward to 

 Snowbank lake. We made as thorough a study as possible of 

 the lichen flora of the Grand Portage area, and then stopped for 

 study whenever and wherever we found enough of difference in 



*Fink, B., Lichens collected by Dr. C. C. Parry in Wisconsin and Minne- 

 sota in 1848. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 2 : 137. 1895. 



t Parry, C. C., Systematic Catalogue of Plants of Wisconsin aud Minnesota, 

 made in connection with the geological survey of the Northwest during the 

 season of 1848. In Owen, D. D., Report of a geological survey of Wisconsin, 

 Iowa, Minnesota and incidentally of a portion of Nebraska Territory. Appen- 

 dix, article V. 606-622. 1852, mentions Cladonia rangiferina (L. ) Hoffm- 

 and Gyrophora muhlenbergii Ach. from Falls of St. Croix. 



