Fink : LICHENS OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR REGION. 231 



Coniocybe pallida (PERS.) FR., T. 

 Verrucaria epigsea (PERS.) Acn., T. 



In the above table all of the arctic and subarctic species are 

 marked (N.) and the species common in temperate regions at 

 low elevations (T.). Beginning then with the areas between 

 the divide formed by the Mesabi range and the Misquah hills 

 and lake Superior and toward the north of this region, of a 

 total of 15 species found only on Grand Portage island, seven 

 or one less than half are characteristic of northern regions. 

 Of 12 confined to Grand Portage, five or about 42 per cent, are 

 northern species. A single one collected only at South Fowl 

 lake and one of three at Rose lake are also northern. Of the 

 12 found only at Gunflint and the 15 found only in the Snow- 

 bank lake area, only one strictly northern species is restricted 

 to each place, while for Ely of the three restricted species not 

 one is northern. Consideration of the figures will show that for 

 the five localities along the international boundary there is a de- 

 crease in proportion of rare arctic or alpine species in passing 

 westward along the boundary. Again passing southward from 

 Grand Portage we found three northern of a total eight species 

 confined to Tofte, and the one species taken only at the Pali- 

 sades is northern. The thirteen species found only at Beaver 

 Bay and the two collected only at Two Harbors are all distinctly 

 temperate region plants. Thus it appears that the northern 

 species give way to those more characteristic of temperate re- 

 gions in passing southward even along the shores of lake Su- 

 perior where the cold lake winds have greatest influence upon 

 the flora. An elevation of more than 1,000 feet was reached 

 at Beaver Bay without finding northern species while at Grand 

 Portage about 150 miles northeast they descend to the lake level. 

 At Tofte a short distance northeast of Beaver Bay we reached 

 an elevation of 1,529 feet on Carlton peak in the Sawteeth 

 mountains and found three northern species. Only one of the 

 three species was taken at the summit of Carlton peak, but this 

 is because the top of the peak is burned over. The other two 

 species were collected at a considerable distance above the base 

 of the peak and are doubtless to be found on unburned portions 

 of the Sawteeth mountains near by. 



In the discussion of the table thus far the Misquah hills area 

 has not been considered. As stated elsewhere this area is the 



