366 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. 



Acer spicatum, Dirca palustris, 



Adoxa moschatcllina, Pcllcea stelleri, 



Betula hit Co., Viburnum opulus. 

 Circcea alpina, 



VEGETATION OF WOODED SLOPES AND RAVINES. 



This group of plants borders and perhaps encroaches upon 

 the moist woods of the valley upon the one hand and the ridge 

 forest upon the other. It covers a large area but does not repre- 

 sent the variety of species that are found in the moist woods of 

 the valley. 



Some of the plants of the wooded slopes and ravines are 



Asplenium acrostichoides, Lilium timbellattim, 



Asplenium jllix-focmina^ Lobelia cordifolia, 



Castilleja coccinea, Lobelia inflata, 



Cypripedium hirsutum, Onoclea struthiopteris, 



Cypripedium spectabilis, Osmunda claytoniana, 



Cystopteris fragilis, Panax quinquefolia, 



Epilobitim coloratum^ Pcdicularis canadensis^ 



Erechtites hieracifolia, Polygonatum commutatum , 



Eupatorium ageratoides, Pteris aquilina, 



Falcata comosa, Rubus occidentalis, 



Hieracium umbellatum, Rubus vtllosus, 



Hieracium scabrum, Silene stellata^ 



Hypericum maculata, Smilax herbacea, 



Hypericum majus, Smilax hispida. 



RIDGE FOREST VEGETATION. 



Most of the woods upon the ridges are rather open and there- 

 fore present somewhat xerophytic conditions. The principal 

 forest trees of the ridges are those which have been previously 

 mentioned, i. e., Betula papyrifera, Hicoria ovata, Qitercus 

 alba and JQuercus macrocarpa. Scattered trees of other kinds 

 are found on special areas. On the point of a bluff near the 

 village of Freeburg, several trees of Gymnocladus dioicus were 

 found in one of the most exposed locations that it could obtain. 

 This is a very unusual location for this tree. Prunus virginiana, 

 Juniperus virginiana, Tilia americana and Celtis occidentalis 

 quite frequently grow near or on the rocky summits of the bluffs 

 but do not cover large areas. 



