606 MINNESOTA BOTANICAL STUDIES. 



Stromfelt, H. F. G. Untersuchungen iiber die Haftorgane der Algen. 

 Bot. Cent. 33: 381, 382, 395-400. iSSS. Hedwigia, 27: 143. 

 1888. 



Harvey, W. H. Characters of new algae chiefly from Japan and ad- 

 jacent regions. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 332. 1857-1860. 



Schmitz, Fr. Untersuchungen iiber die Befruchtung der Florideen. 

 Bot. Zeit. 41 : 608-613, 145. 1883. 



Schmitz, Fr. Knollchenartige Auswuchse an den sprozzen einiger 

 Florideen. Bot. Zeit. 38: 624. 1892. 



Mdbius, M. Morphologic der haarartigen Organe bei den Algen. 

 Biol. Cent. 12: 73. 1892. 



Jonsson, B. Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Dickenzuwachses der Rho- 

 dophyceen. Lunds. Univers. Aarskr. 27: 41. 2 pi. 1890-91. 



Wille, N. Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der physiologischen 

 Gewebsysteme bei einigen Florideen. Nova Acta. Acad. Leop. 

 Carol. 52 : 49-100. pL 3-8. 1887. 



Osterhout, W. J. V. A Simple Freezing Device. Bot. Gaz. 21 : 

 195-201. 1896. 



Moore, L. Le M. Studies in Vegetable Biology Observations on the 

 Continuity of Protoplasm. Journ. Linn. Soc. 21 : 595-621. pi. 

 19-21. 1886. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XLII. 



Figure i. A typical frond of Gigartina exasperata one-fourth 

 natural size. 



Figure 2. Longitudinal section of holdfast. x 450. 



Figure 3. Cross section of stipe, a, Epidermal cells; b, pseudo- 

 cortical cells; c, pseudo-medullary cells. x 450. 



Figure 4. Longitudinal section of stipe, a, Epidermal cellulose 

 sheath. x 450. 



Figure 5. (a) Surface view of frond, showing epidermal cells 

 through the transparent epidermal sheath. (<$) Surface view of frond 

 showing cells beneath the epidermal cells. X 900. 



Figure 6. Cross section of frond. x 450. 



Figure 7. Filamentous cells of the pseudo-medullary area showing 

 granular contents. x 900. 



