xiv Minnesota Plant Life. 



FIG. 38. A tuft of "reindeer moss." Natural size, 2.y 2 feet in diameter. 

 Age, probably over one hundred years. North shore of Lake 

 Superior. After photograph by Professor Bruce Fink 97 



FIG. 39. A male moss plant. The spermaries are produced in clusters 



at the end of the stem. After Atkinson 125 



FIG. 40. A female moss plant. The egg-organs are inclosed in the tuft 



of leaves at the tip of the stem. After Atkinson 125 



FIG. 41. The club-shaped spermary of a moss, much magnified, and two 



spernitozoids, very highly magnified. After Atkinson 126 



FIG. 42. Tip of a leafy moss plant, sectioned lengthwise and magnified. 

 The flask-shaped egg-organs, one with an egg in place, are 

 shown. These bodies are barely visible to the naked eye. 

 After Atkinson 127 



FIG. 43. Mud-flat liverwort, showing method of growth and branch- 

 ing. After Atkinson 132 



FIG. 44. The umbrella-liverwort; showing the prostrate vegetative 

 body, and the upright branches on which the egg-organs are 

 borne, and where later the capsular plants will be found 

 perching. After Atkinson ^5 



FIG. 45. Stem of the umbrella-liverwort, showing the little cups with 

 bodies inside, which are employed by the plant for purposes 

 of propagation. After Atkinson j^g 



FIG. 46. Road across a peat-bog; tamaracks and birches in background. 

 Near Grand Rapids. After photograph by Mr. Warren Pen- 

 dergast I45 



FIG. 47. Peat-moss leafy-plants with capsular-plants imbedded at the 



tips of short leafless erect branches. After Atkinson 147 



FIG. 48. A moss leafy-plant, with prostrate propagative branch and 

 erect female reproductive branch. On the latter two egg- 

 organs have developed their eggs into capsular plants, one 

 of which is ejecting spores. The two round bodies are spores 

 much magnified. After Atkinson. . 153 



